This paper looks at the implications for transport arising from expectations about future fuel prices and availability. All transport operators will try to minimise the effects of…
Abstract
This paper looks at the implications for transport arising from expectations about future fuel prices and availability. All transport operators will try to minimise the effects of fuel price rises on their costs. Mr Clemow's presumption is that fuel prices will rise, in real terms, faster than they can be absorbed by technological and other fixes. Railway and water transport operators will naturally be anxious to exploit the fundamental advantages of their modes arising from the relatively low resistance to movement and therefore low energy consumption for each gross ton mile.
THE purpose of a guided weapon is to destroy the enemy. Therefore the success of a guided weapon design must be measured by the efficiency with which it achieves this aim…
Abstract
THE purpose of a guided weapon is to destroy the enemy. Therefore the success of a guided weapon design must be measured by the efficiency with which it achieves this aim. According to one's up‐bringing it is customary to regard the guided missile either as a small high‐speed aircraft without a pilot, or as an artillery shell provided with wings and some method of manoeuvre. From the engineering point of view the second is, I think, the better attitude to take. For in Service use the guided weapon as an engineered product must be much more akin to the artillery shell than to a fighter aircraft in matters of robustness, long‐storage life without deterioration or too frequent maintenance, case of handling and cheapness. As there is no pilot in a guided weapon, there is a considerable easement relative to orthodox aircraft design in matters relating to safety in flight, although there is, of course, a paramount need to ensure that the missile is safe during the launch period and on other occasions when it is near one's own troops or aircraft. Thus, because the guided weapon designer is not hazarding the life of a pilot, he is free to choose a missile design of less reliable performance but which is cheaper to make rather than a highly reliable design which is expensive to make, provided that the economic effort of firing more of the less reliable missiles is a significant saving on the firing of a fewer number of the more expensive reliable missiles. Reliability is the word most often heard in guided weapon engineering circles.
A method for detachably fitting the end connexions of high‐pressure flexible hose assemblies has been developed by Bowden (Engineers) Ltd., Willesden Junction, London, N.W.10. The…
Abstract
A method for detachably fitting the end connexions of high‐pressure flexible hose assemblies has been developed by Bowden (Engineers) Ltd., Willesden Junction, London, N.W.10. The arrangement, as shown in fig 1, provides that the fitting grips firmly the wire‐braid reinforcement.
S. Kelsey, R.A. Gellatly and B.W. Clark
Simple expressions for upper and lower limits to the shear modulus of honeycomb sandwich cores are obtained by application of the Unit Displacement and Unit Load methods in…
Abstract
Simple expressions for upper and lower limits to the shear modulus of honeycomb sandwich cores are obtained by application of the Unit Displacement and Unit Load methods in conjunction with simplifying assumptions as to the strain and stress systems respectively in the core. The theory is given for cores built up from foil ribbons to form cells of general honeycomb form. Test methods for the experimental determination of the shear modulus are also discussed. Of these, the three‐point bending test on sandwich beams is considered most satisfactory and results of such tests on steel and aluminium foil honeycombs show good agreement with the theory.
Steels which can withstand, in tension, 30 tons/sq. in. more than those currently used in the aircraft industry are being used by Short Brothers & Harland Ltd. for the…
Abstract
Steels which can withstand, in tension, 30 tons/sq. in. more than those currently used in the aircraft industry are being used by Short Brothers & Harland Ltd. for the experimental manufacture of aircraft components.
A.B. Schwartz, S. Malick and J.R. Friesen
THE experimental determination of the moment of inertia of a body is frequently required to confirm a calculated value or to eliminate the tedious work involved in the…
Abstract
THE experimental determination of the moment of inertia of a body is frequently required to confirm a calculated value or to eliminate the tedious work involved in the calculation. This is normally done by integrating the body into a vibrating system, such as a pendulum.
The 2003 global outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was an abrupt reminder that infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to human health. In 1967, U.S…
Abstract
The 2003 global outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was an abrupt reminder that infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to human health. In 1967, U.S. Surgeon General William H. Stewart declared “it was time to close the book on infectious diseases” (Garrett, 1994, citing W.H. Stewart, “A Mandate for State Action,” presented at the Association of State and Territorial Health Officers, Washington, DC, December 4, 1967). In the latter half of the twentieth century, many shared this bold view that medical science had vanquished infectious disease. As a result, public health struggled to remain relevant in the face of advances in pharmaceuticals, surgery, genetics and other areas that were becoming increasingly dominant in the quest to extend and enhance human life. SARS forced many to rethink the significance of public health and the crisis, though relatively short-lived, (for commentary on the disparities between the responses to HIV and SARS, see e.g. Altman (2003)) underscored the need to rebuild public health capacity that had been allowed to slip down the health system priority list.
The purpose of this paper is to study the behavioral and lifestyle influences on reported calorie intake. Marketing segmentation techniques applied to self-reported food…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the behavioral and lifestyle influences on reported calorie intake. Marketing segmentation techniques applied to self-reported food consumption can offer benefits to both health policy and marketing research.
Design/methodology/approach
The two-stage modeling process in this research determines important behavioral, lifestyle and sociodemographic influences on reported calorie intake. Significant predictors are then included in latent class models, which are used to derive and describe five consumer segments.
Findings
These segments differ with respect to their food-related activities, such as dieting, grocery shopping and preparing food at home. The segments also differ with respect to lifestyle characteristics, such as household size, employment status and income. Data obtained from a multi-period probability sample help generalize the results to the US population.
Originality/value
The models developed in this paper can inform health policymakers by explaining reported calorie intake patterns more thoroughly than demographics alone, aiding their ability to create more targeted interventions. This approach also allows food marketers to clarify consumer insights that can be used for targeting particular food shopper segments.
Details
Keywords
Zachary Anesbury, Yolanda Nguyen and Svetlana Bogomolova
Increasing and maintaining the population’s consumption of healthful food may hinder the global obesity pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether it is…
Abstract
Purpose
Increasing and maintaining the population’s consumption of healthful food may hinder the global obesity pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether it is possible for healthful sub-brands to achieve higher consumer behavioural loyalty than their less healthful counterparts.
Design/methodology/approach
The study analysed three years of consumer panel data detailing all purchases from five consumer goods categories for 15,000 UK households. The analysis uses best-practice techniques for measuring behavioural loyalty: double jeopardy, polarisation index, duplication of purchase and user profile comparisons. Each sub-brand’s healthfulness was objectively coded.
Findings
Despite the level of healthfulness, all sub-brands have predictable repeat purchase patterns, share customers as expected and have similar user profiles as each other. The size of the customer base, not nutrition content, is, by far, the biggest determinant of loyalty levels.
Research limitations/implications
Consumers do not show higher levels of loyalty to healthful sub-brands, or groups of healthful sub-brands. Nor do they buy less healthful sub-brands less often (as a “treat”). There are also no sub-groups of (health conscious) consumers who would only purchase healthful options.
Practical implications
Sub-brands do not have extraordinarily loyal or disloyal customers because of their healthfulness. Marketers need to focus on growing sub-brands by increasing their customer base, which will then naturally grow consumer loyalty towards them.
Originality/value
This research brings novel evidence-based knowledge to an emerging cross-disciplinary area of health marketing. This is the first study comparing behavioural loyalty and user profiles towards objectively defined healthful/less healthful sub-brands.