There are many cognitive training tests purporting to both measure older people’s cognitive performance, several of which come with associated training that are deemed to improve…
Abstract
There are many cognitive training tests purporting to both measure older people’s cognitive performance, several of which come with associated training that are deemed to improve cognition. This chapter describes cognitive tests that have been claimed to be linked to driver behaviour, and that training on them could improve driver behaviour. Of special interest are tests that could be completed at home on a computer, as it is suggested this could capture many individuals who are worried about attending a driver assessment centre and are not likely to be referred. Findings suggest that UFOV (Useful Field of View) Time Making Trail (A and B) and Dual N have research suggesting that training on them could improve driver performance for older drivers. However, the robustness of the research is debateable. There are also two physiological tests – a neck and shoulder and a general fitness test that also show promising results for improving driver performance. In addition, education and training is purported to improve driver behaviour, but although there is positive feedback from older people who attend and some short-term improvements, research on long-term improvements on driver behaviour are not yet evident. Overall, there are promising results from individual cognitive, physiological tests and from education and training suggesting that reflection on action and feedback from the task is important to improving driver performance but more research is needed.
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B.W. Payne and R.A. Cox
POWER spectral methods for computing loads on aircraft due to atmospheric turbulence have been developed over the past dozen years or so. Such calculations are carried out on all…
Abstract
POWER spectral methods for computing loads on aircraft due to atmospheric turbulence have been developed over the past dozen years or so. Such calculations are carried out on all new aircraft, and to date the results have been used to amplify fatigue and environmental data. The United States Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) is proposing the introduction of power spectral gust design procedures for and computing design limit loads on commercial aircraft. A parallel programme for the development of taxi load criteria is also being considered. The FAA have sponsored/research on the development of such power spectral gust methods and currently two approaches are being examined by industry. These are a design envelope approach and a mission analysis approach. A similar British investigation is now under way to establish the validity of the American proposals.
Countries across the globe are seeing both an ageing population and an increase in mobility. This chapter looks at how society deals with an ageing population that also wants or…
Abstract
Countries across the globe are seeing both an ageing population and an increase in mobility. This chapter looks at how society deals with an ageing population that also wants or needs to be mobile. Lack of mobility is synonymous with poorer health and wellbeing, with research suggesting it can lead to loneliness, isolation and even death. Hence, it seems appropriate to keep older people as mobile as later on in life as possible. The car is often seen as the panacea to this, but older people are the group most likely to have to give-up driving. How society provides alternatives to the car depends on how mobility is viewed. This chapter argues that we need to see older people’s mobility as a human issue, understanding their needs and realising there are affective and emotive relationships between people and mobility. We still provide mobility for older people based purely on functional journeys to hospitals, services and shops. Yet research suggests mobility to connect people, for a day out, for leisure purposes and for its own sake are vital to the wellbeing of older people. Services for older people need to recognise this and provide for it and there are some good examples in the community but these are too few and far between. Additionally, because transport is seen as functional for older people, there is a lack of emphasis on the aesthetic or on providing attractive services for older people, as if this isn’t important to older people. Finally, mobility doesn’t always have to be literal for older people and there is an argument that needs can be met through potential, virtual and imaginative mobility.
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Discusses the effects of road transport on the environment anddetails the social effects, disbenefits and perceived nuisance of roadtransport. Examines methods of alleviating the…
Abstract
Discusses the effects of road transport on the environment and details the social effects, disbenefits and perceived nuisance of road transport. Examines methods of alleviating the effects of road transport on the environment such as emission reduction.
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To overview the gamut of issues that on-street parking impacts in mixed-use centers including: parking demand, land use, vehicle speed, road safety, the pedestrian environment…
Abstract
Purpose
To overview the gamut of issues that on-street parking impacts in mixed-use centers including: parking demand, land use, vehicle speed, road safety, the pedestrian environment, and travel behaviors.
Methodology/approach
In addition to reviewing existing literature, the following two case studies are presented. The first study explores the impact in centers built before the advent of parking regulations as compared to more contemporary, conventional developments. The second study investigates how street design factors affected vehicle speeds and safety, based on a study of over 250 roads.
Findings
On-street parking typically: serves the highest demand; is efficient in terms of land use and cost; induces lower vehicle speeds; increases safety on low-speed streets; enhances walkability; and fosters less driving, more pedestrian activity, and increased vitality.
Practical implications
On-street parking is one piece of a larger puzzle of complementary factors that influence issues such as travel behavior and safety, and therefore, it is difficult to isolate. On-street parking plays a crucial role in helping create places that are walkable, require less parking, and have more vitality. On-street parking is not purely a device to be used in the right environment; rather, it is a tool to help create that right environment.
Originality/value of chapter
Prevailing thought on the subject of on-street parking has shifted back-and-forth for generations, in part because most studies focus on one or two impacts. This chapter takes a more comprehensive approach in order to increase our understanding of on-street parking in mixed-use, commercial centers.
In the case of stationary fuel tanks subjected to high ambient temperatures for prolonged periods, vaporization may account for a significant loss of the more volatile fractions…
Abstract
In the case of stationary fuel tanks subjected to high ambient temperatures for prolonged periods, vaporization may account for a significant loss of the more volatile fractions. Although the quantitative loss might not be serious, fuel quality may be affected to the extent of difficult starting under subsequent low temperature conditions.
Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Council and Publications of other similar Research Bodies as issued.
Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Council, Technical Reports and Translations of the United States…
Abstract
Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Council, Technical Reports and Translations of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration and publications of other similar Research Bodies as issued.