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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2003

C.E. Onuorah and J.A. Ayo

This paper examined briefly the background to food taboos and food habits. These food taboos and habits have great impact on the health of the Nigerian community. Sometimes, the…

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Abstract

This paper examined briefly the background to food taboos and food habits. These food taboos and habits have great impact on the health of the Nigerian community. Sometimes, the taboos continue even among the educated members of the society. Most of the foods tabooed in Nigeria work against the least privileged and immunocompromised, i.e. women, pregnant women, children and the elderly. These groups of people are deprived of sometimes the cheapest source of protein. This paper had collected some of these taboos and where possible the reason(s) why the foods are avoided. For some of the foods, the area where the avoidance is rampant is indicated. The list will help agencies and individuals effectively fight these food taboos. Possible solutions were also suggested. Taking or consuming these foods will improve the nutritional status of Nigerians.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 33 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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Article
Publication date: 13 November 2017

Lucy Wanjiru Kariuki, Christine Lambert, Ratna Chrismiari Purwestri, Patrick Maundu and Hans Konrad Biesalski

The purpose of this paper is to examine food taboos/habits and dietary patterns of pregnant women in Kenya.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine food taboos/habits and dietary patterns of pregnant women in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach

In all, 205 individual 24-h recall interviews were conducted face to face to collect information on pregnant women dietary intake. Women focus group discussions were conducted in seven villages in Kakamega County to determine which foods are avoided during pregnancy and the reasons for avoiding them.

Findings

The concept of “baby becoming big” was common advice to pregnant women to reduce intake of large amounts of starchy or high caloric foods. Restriction on the consumption of some parts of cow and chicken and consumption of eggs was widespread. Women with the highest education had significantly higher intake than women with lower education: energy (1,718 vs 1,436 kcal, p = 0.007), protein (45 vs 38 g, p = 0.03), vitamin C (59 vs 39 mg, p = 0.000), calcium (275 vs 222 mg, p = 0.04) and iron (8.5 vs 7.2 mg, p = 0.03). Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that participants with higher education were more likely to reach estimated average intake for energy (OR = 2.82, 95 per cent CI = 1.2-6.5) and vitamin C (OR = 4.1, 95 per cent CI = 1.5-11.0) than women with lower education level.

Originality/value

The observed link between reduced intake of nutrients and low education levels suggests that education is a possible intervention strategy. Incorporating nutrition education in school curriculum and improving knowledge on nutrition among women with low education may help overcome unhealthy food taboos in pregnant women.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 47 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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Article
Publication date: 30 October 2009

Ayantunji Gbadamosi, Ojo Olukayode Iwaloye and David Bamber

Given the diversity which exists among various groups of consumers, the purpose of this paper is to explore students' consumption of non‐alcoholic beverages in Nigeria.

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Abstract

Purpose

Given the diversity which exists among various groups of consumers, the purpose of this paper is to explore students' consumption of non‐alcoholic beverages in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

Three focus groups and 20 in‐depth interviews were conducted with students in three universities located in Lagos, Nigeria.

Findings

Initial findings indicate that these students' consumption of non‐alcoholic beverages is influenced in many ways. Nevertheless, the most striking of these influences are found to be convenience of purchase, along with availability, price, health concerns, and culture/social reasons.

Originality/value

The main contribution of the study lies in the relevance of segmentation, targeting, and positioning activities of business organisations in respect of marketing of non‐alcoholic beverages. Based on the findings, the empirical study will serve as a valuable input to marketers in their planning, analysis, and implementation of appropriate marketing strategies to students vis‐à‐vis the highlighted influences on their consumption of this category of food. It will thus serve as a tool for creating competitive advantage in this prevailing volatile business environment.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 39 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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Publication date: 31 July 2023

Louise C. Palmer

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition with variable physical, cognitive, and quality of life impacts. Little research has investigated how MS outcomes vary by social…

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition with variable physical, cognitive, and quality of life impacts. Little research has investigated how MS outcomes vary by social identity (race, gender, disability, age, sexual orientation, and nationality) and social location (place within systems of power and privilege). However, emerging evidence points to racial and ethnic group disparities in MS outcomes. This chapter integrates core concepts from the life course perspective and an intersectional feminist disability framework to interrogate the role of diagnosis pathways in determining differential MS outcomes. MS diagnosis pathways (the time from symptom onset to the point of diagnosis) are a logical place to begin this work given the varying nature of symptom onset and the importance of a quick diagnosis for optimal MS outcomes. Whereas the life course perspective provides a framework for understanding disability transitions and pathways across the life span, an intersectional feminist disability framework centers disability within an axis of overlapping social identities and locations. The combination of both frameworks provides an approach capable of examining how MS disparities and inequities emerge in different contexts over time. The chapter begins with an overview of MS and current knowledge on disparities (mainly racial) in MS prevalence, diagnosis, and outcomes. The chapter proceeds to describe the utility of key concepts of both the life course perspective and intersectional frameworks when researching health disparities. Finally, the chapter ends with a theoretical application of an intersectional feminist disability life course perspective to investigate disparities in MS diagnosis pathways.

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Article
Publication date: 2 July 2024

Abdulfatah Abdullah Abdulkareem Shayf, Mohd Abdullah, Mosab I. Tabash, Shahrukh Saleem, Asiya Chaudhary, Ammar Ali and Mushahid Ali Shamsi

The study evaluates whether an application of Ind-AS that converged with IFRS in India has enhanced financial reporting quality (FRQ) and how that is reflected in financial…

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Abstract

Purpose

The study evaluates whether an application of Ind-AS that converged with IFRS in India has enhanced financial reporting quality (FRQ) and how that is reflected in financial performance (FP).

Design/methodology/approach

Design/methodology/approach: The study uses discretionary accruals (DACC) to measure FRQ. In addition, it uses ordinary least square (OLS) regression to examine the association between Corporate Governance attributes, FRQ, and financial performance for a sample of 24 textile companies from 2010 to 2021.

Findings

The results indicate that adopting IFRS has a role in monitoring CG attributes to enhance FRQ; this means the financial reporting qualit improves somewhat with some CG attributes under Ind-AS. In addition, the results demonstrate that financial reporting quality positively influences FP.

Practical implications

There are significant effects on authorities and decision-makers. The findings from this research can benefit lawmakers by providing Ind-AS policy enforcement with more consideration. The results are also helpful for policymakers who want to improve CG and need proof of the significance of high FRQ in this respect.

Originality/value

Given the dearth of research on FRQ in India, the study extends prior literature on FRQ by examining the quality of financial reporting according to the transformation to IFRS in Indian textile firms. The theoretical contribution of the current study is the testing of agency theory towards practices of corporate governance mechanisms on FRQ and FP in the context of the textile sector.

Details

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

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Article
Publication date: 23 February 2015

E.O. Onuorah, J.T. Nwabanne and E.L.C. Nnabuife

The objective of this study was to determine the pulping and paper making potentials of oil palm (E guineensis). Fibrous material from the whole trunk (WT), empty fruit bunch…

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the pulping and paper making potentials of oil palm (E guineensis). Fibrous material from the whole trunk (WT), empty fruit bunch (EFB, fronds (FDS) and depithed trunk (DT) were evaluated using proximate chemical analysis, fiber morphological and related characteristics. Effect of active alkali (AA) % as Na2O on kraft pulping properties and the handsheet paper propertie was studied. Proximate chemical analysis reveal acceptable cellulose content for EFB (43.51%), FDS (51.13%) and DT (53.80%) while WT (32.44) is unacceptable. Low lignin content obtained (17.8−21.8%) suggests easier pulping characteristics. The high % NaOH solubility of WT (26.05%) and FDS (32.1%) suggest potential of high effluent loads. Fiber morphological studies revealed that approximately 83% of fibers are ≤ 1.5 mm in length thus putting oil palm as a short fiber source. The slenderness ratio ranges from 33.44 to 82.80; Runkelratio from 0.40 to 0.63; flexibility co-efficient from 57.20 to 71.46 and rigidity co-efficient from 0.29 to 0.43. Studies of pulping properties reveal that as active alkali % was increased the percentage total pulp yield, % screened pulp yield, % screened rejects, pulp kappa number, klason lignin and tear index of resultant pulp/handsheet all/each decreased. Conversely, as active alkali % was increased the Brust index, double fold number, breaking length, tensile index of paper handsheets and pulp brightness were each enhanced. It was concluded that in pulping of WT AA% should be < 14 and EFB pulping should be ≤ 14 in order to have acceptable yield. Also in order to have acceptable tear index, AA% should be ≤ 16. It is being recommended that trunks should be depithed in order to have acceptable yield. The fibrous material from oil palm make acceptable raw material for paper making and are good hardwood substitutes. Paper produced when bleached can be used for printing and writing papers while the unbleached grades can be used for wrapping and package papers and for corrugated boards.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 12 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 23 December 2015

E. O. Onuorah, C.A. Okeke, J. T. Nwabanne, E. L. C. Nnabuife and S. O. M. Obiorah

Cement bonded composites of 1250 kg/m3 were made in the laboratory either as single layer composed of exclusively oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB); Tropical hardwood sawmill…

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Abstract

Cement bonded composites of 1250 kg/m3 were made in the laboratory either as single layer composed of exclusively oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB); Tropical hardwood sawmill residue (THSR) or randomly mixed particles (40% of EFB and 60% of THSR oven dry wt/wt) OR of 3-layer composed of 1:2:1 ratio (for face layer of THSR; core layer of EFB and back layer of THSR particles, wt/wt, respectively). Composites were produced at 4 levels of CaCl2 addition (0, 1, 2 and 3% wt/wt based on cement wt) and 6 levels of initial water content of the cement/aggregate mixture (2.5:1:0.5; 2.5:1:1; 2.5:1:1.5; 2.5:1:2; 2.5:1:2.5 and 2.5:1:3; ratio wt/wt based on cement wt plus oven dry wt of particles). Proximate chemical analysis of representative samples reveal hollocellulose content (77.35 and 74.11%); a-cellulose (43.51 and 52.01%); Hemicellulose (22.9 and 20.2%). Lignin (17.8 and 22.5%); Ash (0.91 and 1.85%) and solubility in Alcohol-benzene (1.6 and 3.98%); cold water (2.42 and 3.15%); Hot water (2.93 and 5.06%); and 1% NaOH (23.4 and 26.11%) respectively for EFB and THSR. Also Morphological studies reveal mean fiber length (1.06 and 1.18mm); Fiber diameter (11.75 and 17.40μm), slenderness ratio (55.79 and 35.98) and Rigidity co-efficient (0.38 and 0.47) respectively for EFB and THSR. The above make both particle sources suitable substitutes for virgin fiber/particles from hardwoods. A total of 192 composites were made representing two panels per production mix. Composites were sampled and tested in accordance with provisions of ASTM D1037-2007. Composite properties ranges are MOR (2.61–20.81 MPa); MOE (2180–5764 MPa); IB (0.28–0.75 MPa). WA (16.41–28.11%) and TS (1.26–5.98%). Properties were evaluated and only production mix that met both the requirements of International Organization for Standardization (10S 8335–1987) and Malaysian Standard Institute (MS 934–1984) were recommended. Acceptable composites were produced from production mix of initial water content ≥1.5 or 30% (based on cement wt + oven dry wt of particles, wt/wt) and 2 or 3% CaCl2 additive in case of single layer composites while ≥ 2 or 36.36% of initial water content is required in 3-layer composite using same additive level. The effects of furnish type and composition, additive level and initial water content on properties were all found significant (P > 0.01) in factorial analysis.

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Article
Publication date: 20 November 2017

Solabomi Omobola Ajibolade and Collins Sankay Oboh

The purpose of this paper is to attempt an empirical examination of government budgeting and expenditure processes in Nigeria, a developing country. It examines the current state…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to attempt an empirical examination of government budgeting and expenditure processes in Nigeria, a developing country. It examines the current state of budgeting and public funds management (PFM) in Nigeria. It also examines the extent to which the government has used the budgetary mechanism to effectively manage the nation’s economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employed simple regression estimation technique for data analysis. Time series data set of budgetary information was constructed from different archival sources over a 16-years period (2000-2015), majorly the national Appropriation Acts, press releases, regulatory and governmental reports, reports of Transparency International, World Bank and Central Intelligence Agency.

Findings

The findings confirm that the nation’s annual budgeting approach is defective and lags in achieving its fiscal objectives. The budget indicates a state of poor accountability and transparency in PFM. Findings also suggest that the level of economic development in Nigeria is not commensurate with the size of government expenditure.

Practical implications

The paper draws the attention of the government to the need to restructure its approach to budgeting and adopt a more resilient approach that suits its environment and economic peculiarities in effort to ensure efficient management and accountability of public funds. The paper also offers value to other developing countries. It provides empirical evidence that explains an aspect why the African continent remains underdeveloped hitherto.

Originality/value

This paper lends a voice to the call for a restructuring of the Nigerian budgetary system and its implementation strategy. It advocates for the adoption of an alternative budgeting approach that matches Nigeria economic realities. The paper demonstrated that the traditional budgetary approach being used by many developing countries is limited in certain ways and could hinder sustainable development.

Details

International Journal of Public Leadership, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-4929

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Book part
Publication date: 11 July 2022

Kemi Ogunyemi, Omowumi Ogunyemi and Amaka Anozie

Wisdom from Africa comes in different forms: proverbs, adages, folktales with moral lessons, the use of figurative speech which transmit deep messages, a variety of wise sayings…

Abstract

Wisdom from Africa comes in different forms: proverbs, adages, folktales with moral lessons, the use of figurative speech which transmit deep messages, a variety of wise sayings, songs, etc. Such wisdom guided many interactions including those relating to trade, entrepreneurship and other activities that drive the dynamics of economies. African communities are well known for a sense of communal living and a concern for others often manifested as solidarity. Aggregating the combined data from the preceding chapters, this final chapter in Volume 2 of Responsible Management in Africa explores the role of these two realities that are part of the African cultural heritage in promoting solidarity and inclusion. Four themes emerge: values-based education, mutual trust, personal social responsibility and sustainability factors. Beyond these four, since responsible businesses ought to have inclusive growth among their goal, they can also apply the knowledge of traditional values such as Ubuntu and Omoluabi for tackling challenges to sustainable development and contributing to attaining an ethical economy.

Details

Responsible Management in Africa, Volume 2: Ethical Work and Sustainability
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-494-9

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Article
Publication date: 21 October 2024

Victor Onuorah Dike and Joseph Kwadwo Tuffour

One of the mechanisms to make better bank management rests on improved corporate governance practices with diverse backgrounds including foreign representation. However, bank…

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Abstract

Purpose

One of the mechanisms to make better bank management rests on improved corporate governance practices with diverse backgrounds including foreign representation. However, bank performance remains poor. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether foreign directors have moderating effects on the influence of board characteristics on the performance of banks in the Nigerian context.

Design/methodology/approach

The quantitative explanatory design of this study was based on a cross-sectional survey of respondents (executive and non-executive directors including independent directors) of the population of 285 bank directors in 26 Nigerian banks.

Findings

Using a sample of 121 respondents, the structural equation modelling results reveal that foreign nationality had a positive moderating effect on the influence of each board independence and audit committee on banks’ performance. However, foreign nationality negatively moderated the effect of board size and nomination committees on banks’ performance. In addition, foreign directors’ membership on boards positively moderates the relationship between remuneration committees and banks’ performance.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study extend our understanding of the strategic composition of the board in Nigerian banks. The findings are useful in encouraging business corporations to further strengthen their corporate governance practices. Also, foreign board members’ effectiveness is case-sensitive and committee-dependent.

Originality/value

Banks desirous of having foreign directors need to ensure that, they have the necessary capacity and fit into the local environment as well as engage foreign directors in tailored integration programmes.

Details

Management Research Review, vol. 48 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-8269

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