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All organisms carry their hereditary and evolutionary properties in the genetic code of their genotype. Changes arise in this genotype in unlimited variety and every change has effects at four levels: (i) the properties of the whole organism; (ii) its reactions with its environment; (iii) the differential or competitive survival of the organism in present or future environments; and (iv) by feedback, the survival of any other changes that may occur in the genotype. These are the principles of natural selection but they can operate efficiently only with regular means of propagation of the genotype. The necessary means have been provided during the last 1200 m. years by the chromosomes in two ways: (i) by mitosis giving the maximum certainty of propagation within each organism; (ii) by meiosis giving a controlled uncertainty of propagation through recombination of differences in the sexual reproduction of organisms. This recombination makes it possible for all changes which are not disfavoured to feedback through selection so as to favour other changes. If these arise or take effect at the same site they result in the well‐known evolutionary trends which are recognised either in the chromosomes or in the whole organism. In human evolution such trends seem to have arisen in the structure and behaviour of the organism as a result of genetic feedback from an increasing, and acceleratingly increasing, ability of man both to create and to destroy his environment.

One of the major roles of plant taxonomy (in common with other branches of biological taxonomy) is the production of a classification so as to allow the diversity of nature to be broken down into units which can be recognized, named and communicated about. As Stace (1980) has recently stated, ‘The need for some system of classification is absolute, for it is only by first naming organisms and then grouping them in recognizable categories, that one can begin to sort out the vast array which exists’.

Like the classification of animals, botanical classification was formalized by Linnaeus against a background of Aristotelian philosophy and logic. The hierarchical system, with a Latin binomial nomenclature for the unit of the species, has provided for the main purposes of botanical science a reasonably stable reference system in an international language, by means of which information, ideas, and generalizations about plants can be communicated.

Develops an original 12‐step management of technology protocol and applies it to 51 applications which range from Du Pont’s failure in Nylon to the Single Online Trade Exchange for Auto Parts procurement by GM, Ford, Daimler‐Chrysler and Renault‐Nissan. Provides many case studies with regards to the adoption of technology and describes seven chief technology officer characteristics. Discusses common errors when companies invest in technology and considers the probabilities of success. Provides 175 questions and answers to reinforce the concepts introduced. States that this substantial journal is aimed primarily at the present and potential chief technology officer to assist their survival and success in national and international markets.

The equipment described below was designed both in order to comply with the requirements of various examining bodies, and to provide thorough training in the art of fault‐tracing and wiring of a typical motor control cubicle. To provide for a variety of additional exercises, the Ward‐Leonard system of direct‐current motor speed control was selected, in preference to conventional single‐motor‐wiring exercises. Various safety measures are incorporated in this equipment, not only to protect the equipment against tampering but also to protect against earth‐leakage fault currents.

This study compares and contrasts the clients of two domiciliary care services delivered to elderly people in Darlington, Durham, UK, in terms of their living circumstances, dependency levels and the service inputs they receive. The two services are the Home Help Service managed by the local authority social services department and a Home Care Service managed by the Darlington Health Authority which offers an alternative to long‐stay hospital care for elderly people. The study examined only a sample of the most dependent home help clients and all of the home care clients. The instruments used to measure dependency were found to be limited in their ability to detect crucial differences in the two client groups and suggestions are made about how these might be improved. The main distinguishing characteristics of the Home Care Service clients were that they were, on average, younger and frailer than the home help clients and were far more likely to need help with toiletting, dressing, getting in/out of bed, walkng and making hot drinks. In contrast the main predictor of Home Help Service membership was living alone. It was concluded that although some home help clients were as incapacitated as home care ones, the latter scheme was far more consistently targetted on very frail, and often ill, people.

THE article which we publish from the pen of Mr. L. Stanley Jast is the first of many which we hope will come from his pen, now that he has release from regular library duties. Anything that Mr. Jast has to say is said with originality even if the subject is not original; his quality has always been to give an independent and novel twist to almost everything he touches. We think our readers will find this to be so when he touches the important question of “The Library and Leisure.”

To provide a list of non‐fictional books, as published, for the use of Librarians and Book‐buyers generally, arranged so as to serve as a continuous catalogue of new books ; an aid to exact classification and annotation ; and a select list of new books proposed to be purchased. Novels, school books, ordinary reprints and strictly official publications will not be included in the meantime.

WE write on the eve of an Annual Meeting of the Library Association. We expect many interesting things from it, for although it is not the first meeting under the new constitution, it is the first in which all the sections will be actively engaged. From a membership of eight hundred in 1927 we are, in 1930, within measurable distance of a membership of three thousand; and, although we have not reached that figure by a few hundreds—and those few will be the most difficult to obtain quickly—this is a really memorable achievement. There are certain necessary results of the Association's expansion. In the former days it was possible for every member, if he desired, to attend all the meetings; today parallel meetings are necessary in order to represent all interests, and members must make a selection amongst the good things offered. Large meetings are not entirely desirable; discussion of any effective sort is impossible in them; and the speakers are usually those who always speak, and who possess more nerve than the rest of us. This does not mean that they are not worth a hearing. Nevertheless, seeing that at least 1,000 will be at Cambridge, small sectional meetings in which no one who has anything to say need be afraid of saying it, are an ideal to which we are forced by the growth of our numbers.

It has often been said that a great part of the strength of Aslib lies in the fact that it brings together those whose experience has been gained in many widely differing fields but who have a common interest in the means by which information may be collected and disseminated to the greatest advantage. Lists of its members have, therefore, a more than ordinary value since they present, in miniature, a cross‐section of institutions and individuals who share this special interest.