Learning physics at school is likely to be a much more exciting process than it used to be. Not only are syllabuses becoming more appropriate to the atomic age, but apparatus is…
Abstract
Learning physics at school is likely to be a much more exciting process than it used to be. Not only are syllabuses becoming more appropriate to the atomic age, but apparatus is now available for repeating, easily, many of the classical experiments that helped the growth of atomic concepts during the first half of this century. For example, in 1909, R. A. Millikan began a series of experiments that showed electricity to be particulate, i.e. that an electrical charge is composed of an integral number of small, equal basic charges. He was able to obtain a value for this, which is the charge carried by an electron.
Introduction: The insurance industry is vulnerable to attacks as it deals with the personal information of its consumers and puts the insurance company’s business at risk in the…
Abstract
Introduction: The insurance industry is vulnerable to attacks as it deals with the personal information of its consumers and puts the insurance company’s business at risk in the event of data breach or abuse. To ensure the security of customer data, insurance companies must comply with various data protection requirements, including requirements imposed by laws, regulations, and standards. Following such a wide range of conditions can be challenging for insurance providers. For a long time, risk management has controlled data protection to ensure compliance with data protection law and ensure that data are processed correctly and that people’s fundamental rights are protected effectively.
Purpose: This chapter explains the role and significance of risk management. An organised way to identify and assess risks, mitigate or avoid risks as much as possible, and then manage and accept the remaining risks, implemented in data protection as needed, explained by the supervisory authority, is implemented by the responsible organisation. This document highlights the growing consensus surrounding risk management as an essential tool for adequate data protection. Furthermore, it addresses vital considerations that affect the role of risk in data protection law and practice.
Need for study: There is an increasing consensus towards the role and significance of risk management in data protection in the insurance market. As a result, regulators and legislators are focussing on valuable and new attention on standardising and expanding data protection in risk management practices. This paper has attempted to identify critical issues and principles of risk management in data protection.
Methodology: Secondary data analysis was conducted in this study by reviewing literature related to data protection, risk management, and the insurance sector. Again, science direct was used as a source of information. For this study, the literature review approach was chosen since it allows us to trace the growth of the subject matter and identify the patterns that have formed through time.
Findings: The insurance industry comprises general insurance and life insurance. It is found that there are various studies conducted on the privacy violation and data breaches of individuals in the insurance industry. The study also identifies the factors causing privacy issues and recommends improving data privacy management in the insurance market.
Practical implications: The current study can be referred to by academicians, marketers, industry people, and policymakers. In addition, the study encourages companies and academicians to investigate further the process of data protection in the insurance industry.
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The proliferation of sanctions programmes over time, each with its own set of regulations and its own peculiar blacklist, makes it more difficult for OFAC to administer the…
Abstract
The proliferation of sanctions programmes over time, each with its own set of regulations and its own peculiar blacklist, makes it more difficult for OFAC to administer the controls in a smooth, consistent and efficient manner. Additionally, unlike other agencies involved in international trade — such as the Commerce Department's BXA, or the State Department's DTC — OFAC has been slow to develop a cooperative relationship with those who must comply with its regulations. While OFAC's singular focus on economic and financial sanctions has enabled it to avoid some of the problems the Commerce Department sometimes experiences as a result of its dual missions of both promoting and controlling trade, it has also fostered a more adversarial relationship with the trading community. As OFAC has focused on each sanctions programme individually, rather than as part of a comprehensive system of controls, it has tended to be insensitive to the needs of those who must integrate its diverse regulatory requirements into an overall business compliance process.
Rujirutana Mandhachitara and Larry Lockshin
This paper examines the Scotch whisky market in Thai department stores over a two‐year period and shows their importance to Thai retailing. The paper then finds that the category…
Abstract
This paper examines the Scotch whisky market in Thai department stores over a two‐year period and shows their importance to Thai retailing. The paper then finds that the category behaves as both a fast moving consumer goods market and as a luxury market. Product movement is rapid when compared to other luxury good categories and there is some evidence of discounting. The data, derived from a sample of weekly sales through 25 department stores over two years, show differences in distribution, merchandising, and pricing strategy across different chains. The paper concludes by looking at the potential causes of profit differences across these chains.
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Britain's total of nine gold medals, five silver, and five bronze, in this year's Training Olympics was a resounding success. Close behind the pleasure this gives is the great…
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Britain's total of nine gold medals, five silver, and five bronze, in this year's Training Olympics was a resounding success. Close behind the pleasure this gives is the great sense of satisfaction at how smoothly and happily the competition went.
Karen A. Jehn and Pirathat Techakesari
The aim of this paper is to present a framework that can be used to identify detrimental team processes in high reliability teams (HRTs), such as conflict, asymmetric perceptions…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to present a framework that can be used to identify detrimental team processes in high reliability teams (HRTs), such as conflict, asymmetric perceptions and stress and coping appraisals, and develop interventions that eliminate these detrimental team processes. In addition, this paper suggests new directions for future disaster management and conflict research.
Design/methodology/approach
This framework is developed based on past theories (i.e. Intragroup Conflict Theory and Biopsychosocial Model of arousal regulation) and their associated empirical studies.
Findings
The present article brings a multi-method, multi-level approach to examine the prevalence of detrimental team processes in HRTs, their impact on performance and stress-related health outcomes and how they can be prevented or managed.
Originality/value
This paper provides a novel conceptual framework that highlights the importance of considering human factors and team processes in improving the response speed, accuracy and efficiency of high reliability team members and ensuring the health and well-being of both responders and recipients of care.
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Angus Corbett, Jo Travaglia and Jeffrey Braithwaite
This paper aims to be a theoretical examination of the role of individuals in sponsoring and facilitating effective, systemic change in organisations. Using reports of a number of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to be a theoretical examination of the role of individuals in sponsoring and facilitating effective, systemic change in organisations. Using reports of a number of high‐profile initiatives to improve patient safety, it seeks to analyse the role of individual health care professionals in developing and facilitating new systems of care that improve safety and quality.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses recent work in sociology that is concerned with the phenomenon of “sociological citizenship”. The authors test whether successful initiators of change in health care can be described as sociological citizens. This notion of sociological citizens is applied to a number of highly successful initiatives to improve safety and quality to extrapolate the factors associated with individual clinician leadership, which may have affected the success of such endeavours.
Findings
In each of the examples analysed the initiators of change can be characterised as sociological citizens. In reviewing the roles of these charismatic individuals it is evident that they see the relational interdependence between the individuals and organisations and that they use this information to achieve both professional and organisational objectives.
Research limitations/implications
The paper uses a case study method to investigate the usefulness of the role of sociological citizenship in interventions that aim to improve patient safety. The paper reviews the key concepts and uses of the concept of sociological citizenship to produce a framework against which the case studies were assessed.
Practical implications
The authors suggest that a goal of policy for improving patient safety should be directed to the problem of how hospitals and health care organisations can create the conditions for encouraging the individual diligence and care that is needed to support reliable, safe health care practices.
Social implications
Improving the safety and quality of health care is an important public health initiative. It has also proven to be difficult to achieve sustained reductions in the harm caused by the occurrence of adverse events in health care. The process of linking individual diligence with service outcomes may help to overcome one of the enduring struggles of health care systems around the world: the policy‐practice divide.
Originality/value
The paper directs attention towards the role of sociological citizenship in health care systems and organisations.
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Konstantinos Dinas, Eleftherios Vavoulidis, Georgios Chrysostomos Pratilas, Kimon Chatzistamatiou, Alexandros Basonidis, Alexandros Sotiriadis, Leonidas Zepiridis, Konstantinos Pantazis, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Vassilis Aletras and George Tsiotras
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals in Greece toward safety practices in gynecological Operation Rooms (ORs).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals in Greece toward safety practices in gynecological Operation Rooms (ORs).
Design/methodology/approach
An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to surgical personnel asking for opinions on safety practices during vaginal deliveries (VDs) and gynecological operations (e.g. sponge/suture counting, counting documentation, etc.). The study took place in Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki including 227 participants. The team assessed and statistically analyzed the questionnaires.
Findings
Attitude toward surgical counts and counting documentation, awareness of existence and/or implementation in their workplace of other surgical safety objectives (e.g. WHO safety control list) was assessed. In total, 85.2 percent considered that surgical counting after VDs is essential and 84.9 percent admitted doing so, while far less reported counting documentation as a common practice in their workplace and admitted doing so themselves (50.5/63.3 percent). Furthermore, while 86.5 percent considered a documented protocol as necessary, only 53.9 percent admitted its implementation in their workplace. Remarkably, 53.1 percent were unaware of the WHO safety control list for gynecological surgeries.
Originality/value
Most Greek healthcare professionals are well aware of the significance of surgical counting and counting documentation in gynecology ORs. However, specific tasks and assignments are unclear to them. Greek healthcare professionals consider surgical safety measures as important but there is a critical gap in knowledge when it comes to responsibilities and standardized processes during implementation. More effective implementation and increased personnel awareness of the surgical safety protocols and international guidelines are necessary for enhanced quality of surgical safety in Greece.
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Dirk F. de Korne, Jeroen D.H. van Wijngaarden, Cathy van Dyck, U. Francis Hiddema and Niek S. Klazinga
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of a broad-scale team resource management (TRM) program on safety culture in a Dutch eye hospital, detailing the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of a broad-scale team resource management (TRM) program on safety culture in a Dutch eye hospital, detailing the program’s content and procedures. Aviation-based TRM training is recognized as a useful approach to increase patient safety, but little is known about how it affects safety culture.
Design/methodology/approach
Pre- and post-assessments of the hospitals’ safety culture was based on interviews with ophthalmologists, anesthesiologists, residents, nurses, and support staff. Interim observations were made at training sessions and in daily hospital practice.
Findings
The program consisted of safety audits of processes and (team) activities, interactive classroom training sessions by aviation experts, a flight simulator session, and video recording of team activities with subsequent feedback. Medical professionals considered aviation experts inspiring role models and respected their non-hierarchical external perspective and focus on medical-technical issues. The post-assessment showed that ophthalmologists and other hospital staff had become increasingly aware of safety issues. The multidisciplinary approach promoted social (team) orientation that replaced the former functionally-oriented culture. The number of reported near-incidents greatly increased; the number of wrong-side surgeries stabilized to a minimum after an initial substantial reduction.
Research limitations/implications
The study was observational and the hospital’s variety of efforts to improve safety culture prevented us from establishing a causal relation between improvement and any one specific intervention.
Originality/value
Aviation-based TRM training can be a useful to stimulate safety culture in hospitals. Safety and quality improvements are not single treatment interventions but complex socio-technical interventions. A multidisciplinary system approach and focus on “team” instead of “profession” seems both necessary and difficult in hospital care.