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Adam Smith sees religion both as having a useful and a dangerous role. People create gods to explain what they do not understand and appease their desire of justice when human justice is perceived to fail. These are socially useful functions of religion. But when religion is used as a political tool and is used for state capture purposes, then it becomes a dangerous and destructive force in society.

Research indicates that a link exists between resting heart rate (RHR) and various forms of antisocial, violent and criminal behavior among community and criminal samples. However, the relationship between RHR and engagement in aggressive/violent encounters among law enforcement has not yet been examined. The purpose of this paper is to examine the link between RHR and engagement in violent encounters using prospective longitudinal data on a sample of law enforcement officers in the USA.

Negative binomial regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox hazard regressions are conducted using a sample of 544 police officers to determine if there a relationship between RHR and engagement in violent encounters by law enforcement, even when controlling for demographics, biological and social covariates.

Results indicate that higher RHR is associated with an increased risk of officers engaging in a violent altercation, as measured by the number of arrests for suspects resisting arrest with violence, even after controlling for all other relevant factors.

This study was the first to examine police officers RHR levels and its associated with violent altercations during arrest using a rigorous statistical methodology.

This paper describes the principles of the a.c. field measurement technique, a non‐contacting electromagnetic method of crack detection and sizing in metals. The development of the technique is covered, followed by examples of some of the many different applications the technique has been used for, including multi‐sensor arrays for rapid manual inspection or for deployment by robotic manipulator in hazardous environments. Finally, recent work on replacing the normal multi‐turn coil magnetic field sensors with newly available GMR sensors is discussed.

This chapter explores the role of libraries and librarians from the perspective of the information seeker in general and from business school students in particular. In a recent article in First Monday, Keller et al. (2003) pose the question: “What is a library anymore, anyway?” The answer to this question would be “That depends.” It depends upon who you are asking and the perspective from which you are answering the question. The notion of perspective has been raised before in the library and information science literature. Zweizig (1976) noted that users were the focus of studies, they were examined from the perspective of “the user in the life of the library” rather than from the perspective of “the library in the life of the user.” More recently, Lipow (1999) noted that librarians discuss how to serve “remote users” when in fact it is the library that is remote to the user.

We deeply regret to announce the death of Mr. E. Richards Bolton, F.I.C., M.I.Chem.E., who passed away suddenly on February 10th. He had a distinguished career, and among the numerous offices which he had filled, he had been President of the Society of Public Analysts, Vice‐President of the Institute of Chemistry, and a member of the Council of the Chemical Society. His death will be felt as a personal loss by many members of the profession.

Previous research has indicated that low resting heart rate (RHR), measured at age 18, predicts later psychopathy, and that high RHR acts as a protective factor in nullifying the influence of several psychosocial risk factors in predicting later antisocial and criminal outcomes. This paper aims to investigate high RHR as a protective factor against age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors in predicting psychopathy factors at age 48 (measured by the PCL:SV).

Data collected in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development are analyzed. This is a prospective longitudinal study of 411 London males from age 8 to age 61.

This paper first reports the age 8–10 psychosocial risk factors that predict the interpersonal/affective Factor 1 and the lifestyle/antisocial Factor 2. Then interaction effects with high RHR are studied. The results indicate that high RHR acts as a protective factor against a convicted father and a depressed mother in predicting both psychopathy factors. It also protected against harsh discipline, large family size, low verbal IQ, high hyperactivity, poor parental supervision and a high delinquency-rate school in predicting one of these psychopathy factors, and against a convicted mother in a sensitivity analysis.

This is the first ever longitudinal study showing that high RHR acts as a protective factor in the prediction of psychopathy. The replicated results with different antisocial outcomes show that more research is warranted on the protective effects of high RHR.

The purpose of this research is to examine the organizational stages of change construct of the transtheoretical model of behavior change.

Data on organizational and individual stages of change for tobacco reduction, physical activity promotion, and heart healthy eating promotion were collected from service provider, senior management, and board level members of provincial health authorities across three data collection periods.

Results revealed significant correlations between individual and organizational stages of change for management level respondents, but inconsistent relationships for service providers and no significant correlations for board level respondents. There were no significant differences between respondent levels for organizational stage of change for any of the promotion behaviors. In general, changes in stage failed to predict whether there was a belief in an organization's capability of addressing any of the health promotion activities. There was also a large amount of variance between individual respondents for most health authorities in their reported organizational stages of change for physical activity and healthy eating.

Based on the results of the present study it is concluded that there is little evidence that the organizational stages of change construct is valid. The evidence indicates that assessing individual readiness within an organization may be as effective as asking individuals to report on organizational stages of readiness.

This paper reports on the validity of the organizational stages of change construct in a health promotion context and provides information for those who are considering using it.

Marketing knowledge and expertise are a critical corporate resource for carrying out strategic decision making that supports marketing functions. Intelligent marketing information systems (IMkIS) can offer a way for marketing managers to share knowledge and expertise. Such sharing could help improve the economics and effectiveness of the marketing function. Traditional marketing information systems (MkIS) are limited in their managerial support capabilities. Unlike MkIS, an IMkIS incorporates, among other features, the use of a knowledge base of marketing strategies. Discusses the shortcomings of an MkIS and then offers a framework of IMkIS relationships illustrating information exchanges among various subgroups of the organization. Furthermore, offers a design of an IMkIS based on this framework. Demonstrates the creation of a knowledge base by capturing the strategic marketing moves of a corporation for the case of PepsiCo, by using published information sources. Of course, production versions of such systems will make use of in‐house corporate knowledge. Provides illustrative queries. Discusses implications for IMkIS for the present and future.

This paper aims to investigate how generational differences moderate the relationship between workplace fun and individual workplace outcomes.

The authors review and integrate the literatures on workplace fun and generational theory and empirically test the interaction effects of generation membership and workplace fun with job satisfaction, task performance, and OCB using a sample of 701 workers.

The findings suggest that not only do members of different generational cohorts respond differently to workplace fun, but cohort membership moderates the relationship between workplace fun and some individual workplace outcomes.

Snowball sampling and cross‐sectional data limit the generalisability of the study's findings.

The authors provide managerial implications for promoting workplace fun.

The paper contributes to the workplace fun conversation by addressing the overlooked question of “fun for whom?”.