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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

M. Jagadesh Kumar and C. Linga Reddy

To develop a silicon lateral Schottky rectifier with low forward voltage drop and low reverse leakage current while its breakdown voltage is significantly larger than that of a…

237

Abstract

Purpose

To develop a silicon lateral Schottky rectifier with low forward voltage drop and low reverse leakage current while its breakdown voltage is significantly larger than that of a conventional Schottky rectifier.

Design/methodology/approach

A two‐dimensional device simulation has been used, to examine the effect lateral dual sidewall Schottky concept on the current‐voltage characteristics of a lateral Schottky rectifier on silicon‐on‐insulator. The Schottky contact consists of a low‐barrier metal and a high‐barrier metal.

Findings

Results show that, during forward bias, the low‐barrier Schottky (LBS) contact conducts resulting in a low forward voltage drop. During the reverse bias, the LBS contact is shielded by the depletion region of the high‐barrier Schottky contact resulting in a low reverse leakage current.

Practical implications

With this approach, silicon Schottky rectifiers with low power dissipation and improved breakdown voltage can be realized.

Originality/value

The proposed device has a large commercial potential as a low‐power high‐voltage switching device.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 23 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

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Publication date: 28 September 2020

Roksana Badruddoja

Purpose – In this chapter, I set out to unexcise the messiness of maternalisms and disparities in women's health care by addressing narratives about reproductive trauma. I ask…

Abstract

Purpose – In this chapter, I set out to unexcise the messiness of maternalisms and disparities in women's health care by addressing narratives about reproductive trauma. I ask, what might it mean to analyze the interaction between the medical industrial complex and women who experience reproductive trauma as a social practice, one that is constitutive of gender socialization and the medicalization of women's bodies in the American nation-state? I accomplish responding to the question by addressing a vastly underresearched and underaddressed pregnancy complication Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG).

Methodology/Approach – First, I thread posts from supportive online reproductive trauma forums to weave thematic narratives about and the impacts of HG. Next, I review biomedical literature in order to probe potential etiology. Third, I share my debilitating experiences with HG – reproductive traumas – to interrogate dominant androcentric biomedical discourse of pregnancy culture, maternalisms, maternal ideology, and epistemic violence.

Findings – Our knowledge about HG continues to be murky and unresolved, leaving many pregnant people – namely women – untreated.

Research limitations/implications – I call on the absence of contemporary protective sociocultural structures that provide support and care – gendered health-care disparities – for women during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postpartum in order to advocate reproductive trauma is a viable and normal expression in the context of misogynist social scripts.

Originality/Value of the Chapter – My hope is to raise the volume on narratives of pregnancy trauma and reproductive experience using HG as a case study and my intention is to argue gender is a salient factor in health-care disparities.

Details

Race, Ethnicity, Gender and Other Social Characteristics as Factors in Health and Health Care Disparities
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-798-3

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Article
Publication date: 11 November 2022

Ruiliang Feng, Jingchao Jiang, Atul Thakur and Xiangzhi Wei

Two-level support with Level 1 consisting of a set of beams and Level 2 consisting of a tree-like structure is an efficient support structure for extrusion-based additive…

167

Abstract

Purpose

Two-level support with Level 1 consisting of a set of beams and Level 2 consisting of a tree-like structure is an efficient support structure for extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM). However, the literature for finding a slim two-level support is rare. The purpose of this paper is to design a lightweight two-level support structure for EBAM.

Design/methodology/approach

To efficiently solve the problem, the lightweight design problem is split into two subproblems: finding a slim Level 1 support and a slim Level 2 support. To solve these two subproblems, this paper develops three efficient metaheuristic algorithms, i.e. genetic algorithm (GA), genetic programming (GP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). They are problem-independent and are powerful in global search. For the first subproblem, considering the path direction is a critical factor influencing the layout of Level 1 support, this paper solves it by splitting the overhang region into a set of subregions, and determining the path direction (vertical or horizontal) in each subregion using GA. For the second subproblem, a hybrid of two metaheuristic algorithms is proposed: the GP manipulates the topologies of the tree support, while the PSO optimizes the position of nodes and the diameter of tree branches. In particular, each chromosome is encoded as a single virtual tree for GP to make it easy to manipulate Crossover and Mutation. Furthermore, a local strategy of geometric search is designed to help the hybrid algorithm reach a better result.

Findings

Simulation results show that the proposed method is preferred over the existing method: it saves the materials of the two-level support up to 26.34%, the materials of the Level 1 support up to 6.62% and the materials of the Level 2 support up to 37.93%. The proposed local strategy of geometric search can further improve the hybrid algorithm, saving up to 17.88% of Level 2 support materials.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed approach for sliming Level 1 support requires the overhanging region to be a rectilinear polygon and the path direction in a subregion to be vertical or horizontal. This limitation limits the further material savings of the Level 1 support. In future research, the proposed approach can be extended to handle an arbitrary overhang region, each with several choices of path directions.

Practical implications

The details of how to integrate the proposed algorithm into the open-source program CuraEngine 4.13.0 is presented. This is helpful for the designers and manufacturers to practice on their own 3D printers.

Originality/value

The path planning of the overhang is a critical factor influencing the distribution of supporting points and will thus influence the shape of the support structure. Different from existing approaches that use single path directions, the proposed method optimizes the volume of the support structure by planning hybrid paths of the overhangs.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 29 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2022

Evandro Eduardo Broday and Manuel Carlos Gameiro da Silva

The changes brought by Industry 4.0 go beyond transformations in the industrial environment. The increasingly frequent digitization and robotization of activities is not only…

829

Abstract

Purpose

The changes brought by Industry 4.0 go beyond transformations in the industrial environment. The increasingly frequent digitization and robotization of activities is not only restricted to the industrial environment, but also to people's daily routine. People spend a large part of their time inside buildings, and maintaining adequate Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) is an essential factor for a healthy and productive environment. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to verify how the Internet of Things (IoT) is being used to improve the indoor environment, through sensors that instantly measure the conditions of the environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of this paper is to verify, through a literature review, how IoT is being used for building control (for energy saving purposes) and to monitor IEQ conditions inside buildings, in order to provide a better environment for occupants, in terms of health and comfort. By combining keywords in databases, PRISMA method was used to select the articles for analysis, and 91 articles were analyzed.

Findings

The main findings in this research are: (1) the main purpose for applying IoT inside buildings is to reduce energy consumption; (2) there is an interest in developing low-cost sensoring devices with a learning approach; (3) Machine Learning methods are mainly used for energy saving purposes and to learn about occupants' behavior inside buildings, focusing on thermal comfort; (4) sensors in the IoT era are a requirement to help improve people's comfort and well-being.

Originality/value

Studies directly correlating IoT and IEQ are limited. This paper emphasises the link between them, through the presentation of recent methods to control the built environment.

Details

Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-6099

Keywords

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