SUPERCHARGED aero engines are more or less a post‐war invasion into the practical side of aero‐engine design. The problem of power boosting for internal combustion engines…
Abstract
SUPERCHARGED aero engines are more or less a post‐war invasion into the practical side of aero‐engine design. The problem of power boosting for internal combustion engines, especially aero engines, has for several years engaged the attention of engine designers, with the result that to‐day quite a number of engines are produced with superchargers as an integral part of the standard equipment. Various types of superchargers have been tried, such as the reciprocating pump, Roots Blower, exhaust‐driven turbo compressor, and the gear‐driven centrifugal form of blower. The last‐named is the type most commonly used in this country at the present time.
The attention of all concerned is drawn to the need for guarding against the effects of poisonous fumes when using chemical fire extinguishers of the types usually carried in…
Abstract
The attention of all concerned is drawn to the need for guarding against the effects of poisonous fumes when using chemical fire extinguishers of the types usually carried in civil aeroplanes. One of the dangers to be guarded against is that at low concentrations the fumes may have no smell, or such smell as there is may not be unpleasant, and may not suggest that breathing the air is in any way dangerous. Exposure for half an hour or so to such fumes may nevertheless produce subsequent ill effects, though none may be noticed until some hours after the exposure has ceased.
C. Alty and S. Cameron
The first question to be addressed on this issue is what is open adoption? What follows in this article is a survey of definitions in the literature which reveals a broad spectrum…
Abstract
The first question to be addressed on this issue is what is open adoption? What follows in this article is a survey of definitions in the literature which reveals a broad spectrum of definitions of openness. Most of the definitions which follow are based on the range of practices which researchers have come across during their interviews with families who have been involved in an open adoption. Essentially, open adoption is a term which describes the continued contact between an adopted child and his/her birth parent(s) after adoption. Open adoption has also been referred to as the adoption triangle as there are three parties involved in the adoption rather than the traditional two.
A Paper, describing the Research work and flight testing that went into the first American jet‐propelled fighter aeroplane, prepared by Mr Clarence L. Johnson, Chief Research…
Abstract
A Paper, describing the Research work and flight testing that went into the first American jet‐propelled fighter aeroplane, prepared by Mr Clarence L. Johnson, Chief Research Engineer, the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, and presented before the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Institute of Aeronautical Sciences, New York, January 1947.
Sihem Gherieb, Mohamed Kezzar, Abdelaziz Nehal and Mohamed Rafik Sari
The purpose of this study is to investigate the magneto-hydrodynamics boundary layer Falkner–Skan flow over a flat plate numerically by using the Runge–Kutta method featuring…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the magneto-hydrodynamics boundary layer Falkner–Skan flow over a flat plate numerically by using the Runge–Kutta method featuring shooting technique and analytically via a new modified analytical technique called improved generalized Adomian decomposition method (improved-GDM).
Design/methodology/approach
It is well established that the generalized decomposition method (GDM) (Yong-Chang et al., 2008), which uses a new kind of decomposition strategy for the nonlinear function, has proved its efficiency and superiority when compared to the standard ADM method. In this investigation, based on the idea of improved-ADM method developed by Lina and Song (Song and Wang, 2013), the authors proposed a new analytical algorithm of computation named improved-GDM. Thereafter, the proposed algorithm is tested by solving the nonlinear problem of the hydro-magnetic boundary layer flow over a flat plate.
Findings
The proposed improved generalized decomposition method (I-GDM) introduces a convergence-control parameter “ω’’ into the GDM, which accelerates the convergence of solution and reduces considerably the computation time. In fact, the key of this method is mainly based on the best selection of the convergence-control parameter ω.
Originality/value
The paper presents a new efficient algorithm of computation that can be considered as an alternative for solving the nonlinear initial boundary layer value problems. Obtained results show clearly the accuracy of the proposed method.
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Satish Kumar, Sisira Colombage and Purnima Rao
The purpose of this paper is to study the status of studies on capital structure determinants in the past 40 years. This paper highlights the major gaps in the literature on…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the status of studies on capital structure determinants in the past 40 years. This paper highlights the major gaps in the literature on determinants of capital structure and also aims to raise specific questions for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
The prominence of research is assessed by studying the year of publication and region, level of economic development, firm size, data collection methods, data analysis techniques and theoretical models of capital structure from the selected papers. The review is based on 167 papers published from 1972 to 2013 in various peer-reviewed journals. The relationship of determinants of capital structure is analyzed with the help of meta-analysis.
Findings
Major findings show an increase of interest in research on determinants of capital structure of the firms located in emerging markets. However, it is observed that these regions are still under-examined which provides more scope for research both empirical and survey-based studies. Majority of research studies are conducted on large-sized firms by using secondary data and regression-based models for the analysis, whereas studies on small-sized firms are very meager. As majority of the research papers are written only at the organizational level, the impact of leverage on various industries is yet to be examined. The review highlights the major determinants of capital structure and their relationship with leverage. It also reveals the dominance of pecking order theory in explaining capital structure of firms theoretically as well as statistically.
Originality/value
The paper covers a considerable period of time (1972-2013). Among very few review papers on capital structure research, to the best of authors’ knowledge; this is the first review to identify what is missing in the literature on the determinants of capital structure while offering recommendations for future studies. It also synthesize the findings of empirical studies on determinants of capital structure statistically.
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Raheleh Khosravi, Maryam Mogheiseh and Reza Hasanzadeh Ghasemi
The present study aims to design and simulate various types of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami-based nanopores and explore their stability under different temperatures and…
Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to design and simulate various types of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami-based nanopores and explore their stability under different temperatures and constraints. To create DNA origami nanopores, both one-layer and two-layer structures can be utilized.
Design/methodology/approach
One of the key applications of DNA origami structures involves the creation of nanopores, which have garnered significant interest for their diverse applications across multiple scientific disciplines. DNA origami nanopores can be studied individually and in combination with other structures. The structural stability of these nanopores across various temperature conditions is crucial for enabling the passage of diverse payloads.
Findings
Comparing these DNA origami structures can provide valuable insights into the performance of these nanopores under different conditions. The results indicate that two-layer nanopores exhibit better structural stability under various temperatures compared to one-layer nanopores. Additionally, small structural changes in two-layer nanopores enable them to maintain stability even at high temperatures.
Originality/value
In this paper, various DNA origami-based nanopores were designed and simulated, focusing specifically on one-layer and two-layer configurations. The two-layer nanopore consistently exhibited superior stability across both free and restrained scenarios, undergoing fewer structural changes compared to the one-layer nanopore. As temperatures increased, the two-layer nanopore remained less susceptible to deformation, maintaining closer to its original shape. Moreover, in the free scenario, the geometric shape of the two-layer nanopore demonstrated fewer variations than the one-layer nanopore.
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Jonathan A. Jensen, Patrick Walsh, Joe Cobbs and Brian A. Turner
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how simultaneous use of devices such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones impacts the sponsors that receive brand integration…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how simultaneous use of devices such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones impacts the sponsors that receive brand integration during the broadcasts. Advances in technology now allow fans to consume broadcasts of televised events almost anywhere via personal computers, tablets and smartphones. These devices are also frequently utilized as “second screens” to communicate with fellow consumers on social media, access additional content or otherwise multitask during televised consumption.
Design/methodology/approach
An initial study served to test the applicability of the theoretical framework of a dual coding theory in this new context, followed by a 3 × 2 between-subjects design utilized to advance understanding of the influence of second screens on brand awareness of the sponsors of televised events.
Findings
Results demonstrated that both brand recognition and recall were reduced by second screen activity across nearly all audio or visual consumption experiences. Further, while second screen use in an audiovisual setting did not interfere with consumers’ ability to recognize brands, indicating they were able to multitask and were not distracted, it inhibited their ability to recall brands from memory. This result provides evidence that second screen use may interfere with elaborative rehearsal and reduce cognitive capacity.
Practical implications
Given that marketers are investing more resources than ever to achieve brand integration during televised events, these findings suggest that brands face challenges in achieving a requisite return on their investments.
Originality/value
This study represents the first empirical investigation of the impact of consumers’ use of second screens in the academic literature, and has important implications for the sponsors of televised events.
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Cheryl Leo, Rebekah Bennett and Charmine E.J. Härtel
This article compares consumer decision‐making styles between Singaporeans and Australians. Utilising Hofstede’s framework, the paper argues that cultural dimensions influence…
Abstract
This article compares consumer decision‐making styles between Singaporeans and Australians. Utilising Hofstede’s framework, the paper argues that cultural dimensions influence consumer decision making styles. It is essential that managers understand cross‐cultural consumer decision‐making styles to make strategic decisions or effectively handle members of these nationalities. Marked differences were found between the two populations for: brand consciousness, innovativeness and overchoice confusion. The results suggest that some consumer decision‐making styles differ due to consumers’ cultural values. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Robert J. Carney and Lise Graham
Notes increasing US support for the BTID insurance strategy, i.e. buy low cost term life insurance and invest the difference between the cost of this and of whole life insurance…
Abstract
Notes increasing US support for the BTID insurance strategy, i.e. buy low cost term life insurance and invest the difference between the cost of this and of whole life insurance. Points out some other investment possibilities and compares the terminal and interim wealth accumulation potential of five different insurance/saving combinations for both sexes at five ages, taking tax into account. Discusses ease of access to savings, taxation of death proceeds and restrictions on creditor rights to distribution for various types of insurance/savings and considers the implications. Draws some conclusions about the best investment performance but stresses that investment choice also depends on individual factors, e.g. tax bracket, risk, tolerance and investment knowledge.