Sharon Glazer, Adam C. Mahoney and Yari Randall
Seasoned workers often complain that their Millennial colleagues lack organizational commitment (OC). Research findings, however, are mixed. Furthermore, research suggests that…
Abstract
Purpose
Seasoned workers often complain that their Millennial colleagues lack organizational commitment (OC). Research findings, however, are mixed. Furthermore, research suggests that employee professional development increases job satisfaction and reduces turnover. Still, few studies have examined if professional development increases commitment, particularly among Millennials. This paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
This study compared survey responses, gathered through social media, of Generation X (GenX) and Millennial employees on the relationship between employee development (ED) and OC.
Findings
Millennials (vs GenXers) reported significantly lower levels of continuance commitment, but no differences on normative and affective commitment. GenXers reported more affective and normative commitment than Millennials when having ED opportunities.
Practical implications
ED opportunities may not be similarly impactful on OC across generational cohorts. It might stimulate commitment amongst GenXers, but not Millennials.
Social implications
Findings also suggest that ED programs may be a normalized fixture in organizations today and that Millennials may take ED opportunities for granted.
Originality/value
This study is the first to identify potential factors influencing differences between GenXers and Millennials on OC. More research is needed to identify approaches to increasing Millenials’ commitment if managers want to keep their best employees or to ensure training and development is impactful.
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Adam Y.C. Lei, Huihua Li and Jin Yu
The purpose of this paper is to examine the dividend payments and share repurchases of dual-class firms that have both their superior voting shares and inferior voting shares…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the dividend payments and share repurchases of dual-class firms that have both their superior voting shares and inferior voting shares publicly traded.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses matched dual-class and single-class samples from 1994 to 2015 and logit models to evaluate the likelihoods of dividend payment and share repurchase between dual-class firms and single-class firms.
Findings
The results show that dual-class firms are more likely than the matched sample of single-class firms to pay dividends in both share classes. Dual-class firms, however, are more likely to repurchase their superior shares than single-class firms and their inferior shares.
Research limitations/implications
The results suggest that dual-class firms do not use corporate payouts to either mitigate agency problems or maintain the private benefits of control. Instead, dual-class firms use dividend payments to mitigate agency problems while using repurchases of superior shares to maintain the private benefits of control, which supports the agency payout hypothesis.
Practical implications
This paper highlights the differences between dividend payments and share repurchases as forms of corporate payouts and suggests that firms may choose a particular form for a particular purpose.
Originality/value
This paper provides the first piece of empirical evidence on the corporate payouts of dual-class firms separating their superior voting shares and inferior voting shares.
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Adam C. Taylor, Stephen Beirne, Gursel Alici and Gordon G. Wallace
This paper aims to design and test a system capable of coaxial fused deposition modelling (FDM) and assess the coaxial fibres produced for their coaxial concentricity. The goal is…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to design and test a system capable of coaxial fused deposition modelling (FDM) and assess the coaxial fibres produced for their coaxial concentricity. The goal is to achieve concentricity values below the literature standard of 15 per cent.
Design/methodology/approach
This research discusses the design of the coaxial nozzle internal geometry and validates the modelling process by using computational fluid dynamics to assess its flow profile. Sequentially, this paper discusses the abilities of current additive manufacturing (AM) technology in the production of the coaxial nozzle.
Findings
The methodology followed has produced coaxial fibres with concentricity values as low as 2.89 per cent and also identifies a clear speed suitable for coaxial printing using polylactic acid (PLA) as the internal and external materials.
Research limitations/implications
The concentricity of the printed fibres is heavily influenced by the feed rate for the thermoplastic feedstock. This in turn alters the viscosity of the material to be printed, implying that a relationship exists between feed rate and print temperature, which can be further optimised to potentially obtain higher concentricity values.
Practical implications
This paper adds reliability and repeatability to the production of coaxially printed structures, the likes of which has numerous potential applications for biological printing.
Originality/value
The outcomes of this study will provide an AM platform to alter the paradigm of biofabrication by introducing a new level of versatility to the construction of biofabricated structures.
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The memorial is an account of Smith's personality and work by a former and favored student. It is a sustained personal reminiscence backed by the reminiscences of others who…
Abstract
The memorial is an account of Smith's personality and work by a former and favored student. It is a sustained personal reminiscence backed by the reminiscences of others who admired Smith together with an account of Smith's working practices and of his main texts. It is in this sense subjective as well as objective. It is not a full-scale biography, rather a biographical sketch and it is necessarily limited by its very proximity to the subject. The principal and other informants knew Smith and liked him. However, given Stewart's own profession, the work is more than this. It was written in the context of the consequences for Smith's reputation in the light of the French Revolution. Stewart is anxious, given the sensitivities concerning the destructive radicalism in France and in the context of the conservative reaction in Britain, to distance Smith's ideas on liberty and on policy from those ideas as they were being expressed in revolutionary France. In this way, Stewart's biographical work is both an account of Smith's life and works and a politicized interpretation of his principle economic ideas.
The following chapter is aimed to explain what virtue ethics (VE) in business is, its philosophical background, its original themes, and new research opportunities. To this end…
Abstract
The following chapter is aimed to explain what virtue ethics (VE) in business is, its philosophical background, its original themes, and new research opportunities. To this end, we will establish the distinctive elements of VE and its main sources and epistemological approaches. In particular, we will first describe VE in business based on Alasdair MacIntyre’s ethics and Modern VE in Business. Then, we will briefly show the Thomistic approach to VE in business and its main application to business theory. We will also consider a new epistemological proposal for VE in business in Positive Organizational Scholarship. Next, this chapter will explain briefly the original contributions VE in business makes to a theory of work and a common good theory of the firm. Finally, we will suggest new areas in which VE in business theory has not shown a significant outcome yet. Here, we will discuss new opportunities that VE authors might consider for research projects in new epistemological approaches, VE philosophers not yet studied in business ethics theory, spirituality-based theory (Jewish and Protestant mainly) and its connection with VE, and contemporary problems that firms are facing that can be enlighten from neo-Aristotelian philosophy.
Abstract
This paper devises a method for modelling the bulk orthotropic properties of heavy plywood bridge decking described in Australia as Bridgewood, which can be customized in terms of the number of plies it consists of and also the direction of the grain for each ply to distribute its strength and stiffness characteristics laterally and longitudinally. Modelling plywood decking in finite element programs (FE) represents a problem, as an example a 166 mm deep plywood deck will contain approximately 50 × 3 mm thick single veneers that ideally should be represented individually in any complete bridge superstructure model. When taken over a 12 m span on a 3.2m wide bridge deck the FE model grows to an unmanageable size if element aspect ratios are to be held to no greater than 4 as recommended in Strand 7 (the FE software used). The size of the FE model was reduced whereby Bridgewood was treated as an orthotropic material with bulk elastic properties. A smaller model is used first in which the veneers are represented directly and specific loadings and support conditions applied that enable bulk elastic properties to be determined. To a limited extent, the bulk properties are then confirmed by laboratory testing.
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Channing Arndt, Sam Jones and Finn Tarp
We consider the relationship between external aid and development in Mozambique from 1980–2004, identifying the specific mechanisms through which aid has influenced the…
Abstract
We consider the relationship between external aid and development in Mozambique from 1980–2004, identifying the specific mechanisms through which aid has influenced the developmental trajectory of the country. We undertake both a growth accounting analysis and review the intended and unintended effects of aid at the micro-level. Sustained aid flows to Mozambique, in conflict and post-conflict periods, have made an unambiguous, positive contribution to rapid growth since 1992. However, proliferation of donors and aid-supported interventions has burdened local administration, indicating a need for deeper domestic government accountability. To sustain growth, Mozambique must maximize benefits from natural resources while promoting constructive international market integration.
J.C.D.E.C.H., F.B., D.B.S. and C.G.K.
These two volumes cover the normal requirements of a university course in skeletal structures designed principally for Civil Engineering undergraduates. The first contains a wide…
Abstract
These two volumes cover the normal requirements of a university course in skeletal structures designed principally for Civil Engineering undergraduates. The first contains a wide selection of the traditional background together with the newer developments. In the second volume, the theories are illustrated and the author's ideas are confirmed by means of many fully calculated examples.
This chapter explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy into legal education. It presents a module on an undergraduate law degree titled ‘Artificial…
Abstract
This chapter explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy into legal education. It presents a module on an undergraduate law degree titled ‘Artificial Intelligence and Law’, highlighting the strategies employed to foster critical and contextual understanding of Generative AI (GenAI). The design, learning objectives, and assessments are discussed, emphasising the balance between theoretical knowledge and practical application. The chapter delves into student feedback, providing insight into their experiences and concludes with recommendations encouraging educators to integrate GenAI into their teaching.