Steve B. Diniz and César C. Pacheco
The purpose of this paper is to identify freezing in pitot tubes at real-time, by means of the estimated heat transfer coefficient (HTC) at the tip of the probe. The prompt…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify freezing in pitot tubes at real-time, by means of the estimated heat transfer coefficient (HTC) at the tip of the probe. The prompt identification of such freezing is paramount to activate and control mechanisms for ice removal, which in turn are essential for the safety of the aircraft and its passengers.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed problem is solved by means of an inverse analysis, performed within the Bayesian approach of inverse problems, with temperature measurements assumed available along the pitot probe over time. A heat conduction model is used for describing the average temperature of the pitot tube, which is then rewritten in the form of a state estimation problem. The model is linear and time invariant, so that the inverse problem can be solved using the steady-state Kalman filter (SSKF), a computationally efficient algorithm.
Findings
The results show that the SSKF is fully capable of recovering the HTC information from the temperature measurements. Any variation of the HTC – either smooth or discontinuous – is promptly detected with high accuracy. Computational effort is significantly lower than the physical time, so that the proposed methodology is fully capable of estimating the HTC at real-time.
Originality/value
The methodology herein solves the proposed problem not only by estimating the HTC accurately but also doing so with a very small computational effort, so that real-time estimation and freezing control become possible. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no likewise publications have been found so far.
Details
Keywords
César Pacheco, Helcio R.B. Orlande, Marcelo Colaco and George S. Dulikravich
The purpose of this paper is to apply the Steady State Kalman Filter for temperature measurements of tissues via magnetic resonance thermometry. Instead of using classical direct…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to apply the Steady State Kalman Filter for temperature measurements of tissues via magnetic resonance thermometry. Instead of using classical direct inversion, a methodology is proposed that couples the magnetic resonance thermometry with the bioheat transfer problem and the local temperatures can be identified through the solution of a state estimation problem.
Design/methodology/approach
Heat transfer in the tissues is given by Pennes’ bioheat transfer model, while the Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF)-Shift technique is used for the magnetic resonance thermometry. The problem of measuring the transient temperature field of tissues is recast as a state estimation problem and is solved through the Steady-State Kalman filter. Noisy synthetic measurements are used for testing the proposed methodology.
Findings
The proposed approach is more accurate for recovering the local transient temperatures from the noisy PRF-Shift measurements than the direct data inversion. The methodology used here can be applied in real time due to the reduced computational cost. Idealized test cases are examined that include the actual geometry of a forearm.
Research limitations/implications
The solution of the state estimation problem recovers the temperature variations in the region more accurately than the direct inversion. Besides that, the estimation of the temperature field in the region was possible with the solution of the state estimation problem via the Steady-State Kalman filter, but not with the direct inversion.
Practical implications
The recursive equations of the Steady-State Kalman filter can be calculated in computational times smaller than the supposed physical times, thus demonstrating that the present approach can be used for real-time applications, such as in control of the heating source in the hyperthermia treatment of cancer.
Originality/value
The original and novel contributions of the manuscript include: formulation of the PRF-Shift thermometry as a state estimation problem, which results in reduced uncertainties of the temperature variation as compared to the classical direct inversion; estimation of the actual temperature in the region with the solution of the state estimation problem, which is not possible with the direct inversion that is limited to the identification of the temperature variation; solution of the state estimation problem with the Steady-State Kalman filter, which allows for fast computations and real-time calculations.
Details
Keywords
Julio Ore, Alex Pacheco, Edwin Roque, Andy Reyes and Liz Pacheco
People who suffer from phobias try to avoid a specific object or feared situation by creating a great obstacle that causes serious consequences in their daily life; the most…
Abstract
Purpose
People who suffer from phobias try to avoid a specific object or feared situation by creating a great obstacle that causes serious consequences in their daily life; the most effective way to deal with a phobia is through exposure therapy, which according to one of the most important principles of psychology states that to overcome a fear you have to face it. The purpose of this paper is to develop a mobile application based on augmented reality (AR) for the treatment of spider phobia (Araneae).
Design/methodology/approach
The application development methodology was divided into two phases: design where sketches were made according to functional requirements, and the client server model was used for user queries and the development phase where the modules for the information of the phobia; and visualization of the arachnid in different morphological forms was implemented through the development tools.
Findings
The findings of this study, in this sense, state that it was possible to overcome the phobia in an essential way by ceasing to perceive harmless things as dangerous, helping them to manage stress and keep them under control.
Originality/value
Allowing to face their fears in support of existing therapeutic processes through images with progressively AR, being an innovative and accessible treatment from an economic, technological and professional point of view.
Details
Keywords
César Saavedra-Alamillas, Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza, Héctor Eduardo García-Meléndez, Amado Vilchis López, Humberto Martínez-Camacho, Erik Miguel Ortiz-Díaz and Eugenia Ortega-Martínez
The purpose of this paper is to report and to regulate the users’ documentary necessities of six Mexican universities involved, in a cooperative manner and during the period of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report and to regulate the users’ documentary necessities of six Mexican universities involved, in a cooperative manner and during the period of confinement by SARS-CoV-2, through the Document Delivery Service (DDS).
Design/methodology/approach
A diagnostic was conducted within the participating institutions that considered the information resources and sources, documents requested and the number of users per institution, which were counted daily for one month. This research used documentary and quantitative methods.
Findings
The authors determined that DDS is a reliable service for information supply although it is going to be necessary to adjust legal schemes and interlibrary loan policies to develop a process and to adapt this one to the current information services in the future or “in our new normality”; DDS will have a high impact on the conformation of networks of librarian cooperation.
Originality/value
This study exposed the importance of DDS as a relevant service to provide information on demand by using information and communication technologies, which is a safe way to operate, avoiding exposure to physical contact, ensuring the continuity of research processes in the communities and always monitoring and promoting the copyright.
Details
Keywords
Eugenia de los Ángeles Ortega-Martínez, Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza, Héctor Eduardo García Meléndez, Erik Miguel Ortiz-Díaz and César Saavedra-Alamillas
The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent the strategic actions implemented by the libraries contribute to the containment of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, without…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent the strategic actions implemented by the libraries contribute to the containment of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, without compromising the quality of library services for their learning communities.
Design/methodology/approach
The research has a mixed methodology: qualitative and quantitative with a technique of documentary review and statistical analysis of data through FanPage Karma software. The documents are public and are part of the teaching programs of the universities, webinars and courses given through accounts and official sites of the Mexican Federal Government, social networks, as well as groups of experts in national and international librarianship.
Findings
The research documents and describes the library services that have emerged in libraries since the quarantine and isolation period established by the Ministry of Public Education. It also shows the strategic actions adopted by universities (their advantages and disadvantages) and the digital competencies of the library professionals to meet the information demands of their communities. Additionally, actions implemented to provide a rapid response are discussed so that they can later be improved to have a comprehensive framework for improving quality in the remote library service.
Originality/value
This research contributes value to the field by critically analyzing libraries’ distance services, their innovations and the necessary professional competences required to achieve the institutional academic goals. Additionally, relevant services in the digital context are described.
Details
Keywords
Barbara de Lima Voss, David Bernard Carter and Bruno Meirelles Salotti
We present a critical literature review debating Brazilian research on social and environmental accounting (SEA). The aim of this study is to understand the role of politics in…
Abstract
We present a critical literature review debating Brazilian research on social and environmental accounting (SEA). The aim of this study is to understand the role of politics in the construction of hegemonies in SEA research in Brazil. In particular, we examine the role of hegemony in relation to the co-option of SEA literature and sustainability in the Brazilian context by the logic of development for economic growth in emerging economies. The methodological approach adopts a post-structural perspective that reflects Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. The study employs a hermeneutical, rhetorical approach to understand and classify 352 Brazilian research articles on SEA. We employ Brown and Fraser’s (2006) categorizations of SEA literature to help in our analysis: the business case, the stakeholder–accountability approach, and the critical case. We argue that the business case is prominent in Brazilian studies. Second-stage analysis suggests that the major themes under discussion include measurement, consulting, and descriptive approach. We argue that these themes illustrate the degree of influence of the hegemonic politics relevant to emerging economics, as these themes predominantly concern economic growth and a capitalist context. This paper discusses trends and practices in the Brazilian literature on SEA and argues that the focus means that SEA avoids critical debates of the role of capitalist logics in an emerging economy concerning sustainability. We urge the Brazilian academy to understand the implications of its reifying agenda and engage, counter-hegemonically, in a social and political agenda beyond the hegemonic support of a particular set of capitalist interests.
Details
Keywords
Leander Luiz Klein, Julio Cesar Ferro De Guimarães, Eliana Andréa Severo, Eric Charles Henri Dorion and Thiago Schirmer Feltrin
As few studies have explored the causal relationship between both the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability and the lean practices in higher education institutions (HEIs)…
Abstract
Purpose
As few studies have explored the causal relationship between both the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability and the lean practices in higher education institutions (HEIs), the purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationships between lean practices and sustainable practices in Brazilian HEIs.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted with 454 public and private HEIs workers in Brazil. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations modeling were used for data analysis.
Findings
The results support the hypotheses of the study that HEI lean practices are positively related to environmental, economic and social practices in HEIs.
Practical implications
HEI managers must evaluate the use of lean practices in the organizational processes, to identify their weaknesses and to improve the aspects that influence a balanced TBL of sustainability practices.
Social implications
The findings highlight the importance of leadership as a support for the workers, as a continuous improvement practice on a daily basis and a focus on the student as a basic principle of HEI success.
Originality/value
This article provides new measurement and structural models to analyze Lean thinking practices as the predictors of sustainability practices. The work could assist any HEI in prioritizing its strategies and actions and to contribute to excellence in decision-making. This study could contribute as a source of empirical data for transferability in other contexts for HEIs.
Details
Keywords
Anti-corruption protests.
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB238838
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Greyce Luci Bernardo, Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença, Maria Cristina Marino Calvo, Giovanna M.R. Fiates and Heather Hartwell
– The purpose of this paper is to present a first proposal of a healthy dietary diversity index to evaluate meals in self-service restaurants.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a first proposal of a healthy dietary diversity index to evaluate meals in self-service restaurants.
Design/methodology/approach
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study in a Brazilian buffet-style restaurant. The study group was selected by systematic sampling and consisted of 678 individuals aged 16-81 years, who were regular diners at a selected restaurant during lunchtime. Photographs were used to assess food choices and a sociodemographic questionnaire was administered to the subjects. A healthy dietary diversity model was created following WHO recommendations and the Brazilian Food Guide. A consensus workshop was conducted with experts to discuss and classify certain dishes as more or less healthy (high/low energy density). The model attributed negative (−3.0-0.0) and positive (0.0-12.0) scores to different food groups. Higher scores meant greater diversity on the plate, and therefore a greater chance of a healthy meal (=9.0), while a lower score reflected a higher variety of energy-dense foods, such as fried dishes (=6.0).
Findings
Most diner’s plates (65.3 per cent) obtained low diversity score indexes (=6) and were considered inadequate, represented the dishes where intake should be controlled from a nutritional viewpoint (over caloric meal). There was a significant association between healthy diversity scores (=9.0) and low variety of high energy density dishes on the plates.
Originality/value
This method of assessing the healthy dietary diversity of a main meal could be tested as an innovative model for investigating the food choices of individuals who eat away from home.