Sheng Cui, Qiuxiang Wu and Burcu Erdemir
The authors explored the effect of college student leader experience on students' employment prospects, such as their starting salary. The authors also examined the factors behind…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors explored the effect of college student leader experience on students' employment prospects, such as their starting salary. The authors also examined the factors behind being a student leader and the set of skills that foster the effect of leadership experience.
Design/methodology/approach
Using an empirical panel survey, the authors collected data from 3,361 undergraduate students over five consecutive years in China, which were analysed using different econometric methods.
Findings
The starting salary premium associated with student leaders' experiences was approximately 7%. Individual learning, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills were mediating variables that replaced half of the wage premium effect of the student leader. Family background and types of educational experiences were associated with being a student leader and labour market outcomes.
Research limitations/implications
The authors only explored a few leadership-related employability skills; other relevant skills require consideration.
Practical implications
This study informs students, parents, and higher education institutions (HEIs) by clarifying the importance of leadership development. An effective transition from higher education to the labour market should be emphasised.
Social implications
Higher education educators should provide guidance to student organisations and promote formal and informal student leadership education to all students.
Originality/value
The authors revealed some factors that promote student leadership and how they are associated with labour market outcomes in China. The authors also verified and validated the capital improvement channel for some specific leadership-related skills to explain the effect of student leader experience on employment outcomes.
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Although there has been considerable growth in the higher education systems of Turkey and China in about the last two decades, there is still a room for development in enabling…
Abstract
Although there has been considerable growth in the higher education systems of Turkey and China in about the last two decades, there is still a room for development in enabling equity in all regions, increasing opportunities and resources regardless of socio-economic status or gender differences. Students coming from disadvantaged backgrounds do not have enough tools to change their fate for the better due to the accumulated barriers they face. Given this background, the chapter discusses how the barriers to equitable HE admissions relate to each other and which one has a greater negative impact over the Accumulated Conversion Barriers Modal we propose defined by personal, discriminatory, institutional, and geographical barriers. The perspectives of Turkish and Chinese HE stakeholders were examined through 21 in-depth interviews that were subjected to content analysis and interpreted in a comparative style using the lens of Capabilities Approach of Sen. We also offer policy suggestions to increase students’ conversion capacities for better outcomes to serve both the national and the international educational contexts owing to the adaptable nature of our modal to other countries experiencing similar issues in their higher education systems.
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Turkey has been hosting the largest Syrian refugee migration in the world since 2011, which has necessitated a continuous change in state-level measures to cater for the…
Abstract
Turkey has been hosting the largest Syrian refugee migration in the world since 2011, which has necessitated a continuous change in state-level measures to cater for the deficiencies of a forced displacement ranging from economic to social and educational instruments. Despite constructive national policies and legislation of the Turkish government and financial support, refugee access and enrollment in higher education (HE) stand as an issue for a number of reasons. The chapter aims to highlight opportunities and challenges that Syrian refugee students (SRSs) have been experiencing since their immigration to Turkey and it examines HE policies in socio-economic, cultural and political contexts. The study, while making use of Bronfenbrenner’s (2001) bioecological theory of development, adapts it to the context of refugee students in HE. Discussions are supported by reports, laws and circulars to make note of the main principals of the HE policies of Turkey for SRSs as well as their implications in both Syrian and Turkish contexts. During this process, the international and comparative nature of the study is maintained by referring to similar policies for refugees in other host countries and implications for the international arena.
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Selman Demirtas, Hakan Kaleli, Mahdi Khadem and Dae-Eun Kim
This study aims to investigate the tribological characteristics of a Napier-type second piston ring against a cylinder liner in the presence of graphene nano-additives mixed into…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the tribological characteristics of a Napier-type second piston ring against a cylinder liner in the presence of graphene nano-additives mixed into 5W40 fully synthetic engine oil.
Design/methodology/approach
Wear tests were carried out in the boundary lubrication condition using a reciprocating tribometer, and real engine tests were performed using a single spark ignition Honda GX 270 test engine for a duration of 75 h.
Findings
The experimental results of the tribometer tests revealed that the nano-additives formed a layer on the rubbed surfaces of both the piston ring and the cylinder liner. However, this layer was only formed at the top dead center of the cylinder liner during the engine tests. The accumulation of carbon (C) from the graphene was heavily detected on the rubbed surface of piston ring/cylinder liner, mixed with other additive elements such as Ca, Zn, S and P. Overall, the use of graphene nano-additives in engine oil was found to improve the frictional behavior in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes. Abrasive wear was found to be the main mechanism occurring on the surface of both piston rings and cylinder liners.
Originality/value
Though many researchers have discussed the potential benefits of graphene as a nano-additive in oil to reduce the friction and wear in laboratory tests using tribometers, to date, no actual engine tests have been performed. In this paper, both tribometer and real engine tests were performed on a piston ring and cylinder liner using a fully formulated oil with and without graphene nano-additives in the boundary lubrication condition. It was found that a graphene nano-additive plays an active role in lowering the coefficient of friction and increasing surface protection and lubrication by forming a protective layer on the rubbing surfaces.