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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1977

Brian Selby

Those who have come on management courses which have aims such as the improvement of communication or interpersonal skills often arrive in a state of considerable uncertainty…

23

Abstract

Those who have come on management courses which have aims such as the improvement of communication or interpersonal skills often arrive in a state of considerable uncertainty. Very frequently they have little idea what is in store, why they have been sent on the course, and what they can expect to get out of it. They also feel vulnerable, because they have been taken away from a familiar work situation to a training centre where their fellow guests may all be strangers. They fear that they may be inadequate and show up badly in comparison to the others, and that carefully built‐up defences may be broken down when exposed to the gaze of their peers and the course directing staff.

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Education + Training, vol. 19 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2001

Hoda Hessaramiri and Brian H. Kleiner

States that the narrowing pay gap between genders reached a plateau in the 1990s. Describes the scope of the disparity before discussing possible explanations such as working…

1864

Abstract

States that the narrowing pay gap between genders reached a plateau in the 1990s. Describes the scope of the disparity before discussing possible explanations such as working hours, preferences, experience and tenure. Suggests how an organisation can identify and avoid pay disparity. Cites some case law examples. Concludes with recommendations for resolution including strengthening the Equal Pay Act and creating family‐friendly policies.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 21 no. 8/9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1967

Brian Holroyd

The first report on the work of the West Riding Programmed Learning Unit appeared in last January's issue of ‘Technical Education’. Here, Brian Holroyd, lecturer in programmed…

20

Abstract

The first report on the work of the West Riding Programmed Learning Unit appeared in last January's issue of ‘Technical Education’. Here, Brian Holroyd, lecturer in programmed learning at the Unit's Whitwood base, takes up the story where Tony Babb left off.

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Education + Training, vol. 9 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2002

Brian A. Ferguson

The Kennedy Report will almost certainly become a defining moment in the history of UK healthcare. On the whole the NHS is poor at learning from history and there is a wealth of…

1834

Abstract

The Kennedy Report will almost certainly become a defining moment in the history of UK healthcare. On the whole the NHS is poor at learning from history and there is a wealth of important information to be drawn from the report and the whole experience of Bristol. This article distils the essential clinical governance messages that risk being lost. While many of the issues can be viewed from an economic perspective, much of what is required is a change in attitude across whole health economies. The contribution that economics can make is to design appropriate incentive mechanisms to bring about desired behavioural change. It can also continue to promote informed debate on the proper meaning of efficiency and to highlight the features required for an appropriate and effective regulatory framework.

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British Journal of Clinical Governance, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1466-4100

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2003

Garry D. Carnegie, John Richard Edwards and Brian P. West

Numerous studies have examined the institutional setting of accounting as a professional occupation. However, institutional deeds and outcomes derive from the behaviour of…

1387

Abstract

Numerous studies have examined the institutional setting of accounting as a professional occupation. However, institutional deeds and outcomes derive from the behaviour of individual actors, particularly those key players who drive the creation, policy development and outlook of practitioner associations. Recognising this, and in search of a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of professional formation, this study applies the prosopographical method of inquiry to accounting development in Australia during the period 1886 to 1908. Motives and actions are identified with the founding members of the Incorporated Institute of Accountants, Victoria, during this formative era, which saw key personalities transfer their allegiance to the Australasian Corporation of Public Accountants. The beliefs, preferences and ambitions of individual participants are shown to exert significant influence over the process of professional formation, highlighting the capacity of prosopographical studies to augment the predominantly vocational and institutional focus of the prior sociology of professions literature.

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Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-3574

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Publication date: 21 August 2012

Michael A. Cusumano

Purpose – This chapter discusses the difference between a product strategy and a platform strategy, relying on examples from the history of Apple and Microsoft in personal…

Abstract

Purpose – This chapter discusses the difference between a product strategy and a platform strategy, relying on examples from the history of Apple and Microsoft in personal computers and other devices as well as Sony and Japan Victor Corporation in videocassette recorders.

Design/methodology/approach – The chapter begins with a review of how the term “platform” has been used in the management literature and defines an industry-wide platform (as compared to an in-house company product platform) as a foundation technology (or service) that brings multiple parties in a market together for a common purpose. An industry-wide platform can generate powerful network effects between the platform and complementary products and services that make the platform increasingly valuable. Apple, with the Macintosh computer, and Sony with the Betamax VCR as well as other products, such as the Walkman media player, are examples of firms that developed excellent products but followed a product-first strategy and ended up losing in these markets or becoming niche players. They paid relatively little attention to opening up their technology to outside firms and cultivating an ecosystem of partners. Apple changed in the early 2000s with the iPod and iTunes, and then the iPhone and iPad, and has risen from near bankruptcy to become an enormously valuable and profitable platform leader.

Findings – Historical examples suggest that, in a platform market, the winner is not the firm with the best product, but rather the firm with the best platform – that is, the foundation technology or service that is most open to outsiders and which stimulates development of the most compelling complements.

Originality/value – This result extends the literature's understanding of platform strategy.

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History and Strategy
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-024-6

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1974

Few will complain that 1974 has not been an eventful year; in a number of significant respects, it has made history. Local Government and National Health Services reorganizations…

122

Abstract

Few will complain that 1974 has not been an eventful year; in a number of significant respects, it has made history. Local Government and National Health Services reorganizations are such events. This is indeed the day of the extra‐large authority, massive monoliths for central administration, metropolitan conurbations for regional control, district councils corresponding to the large authorities of other days; and in a sense, it is not local government any more. As in other fields, the “big batallions” acquire greater collective power than the total sum of the smaller units, can wield it more effectively, even ruthlessly, but rarely appearing to take into account the masses of little people, the quiet people, who cannot make themselves heard. As expected, new names of authorities are replacing the old; new titles for departments and officers, ambitious and high‐sounding; a little grandiose for the tongues of ordinary folk. Another history‐making event of 1974, in the nature of a departmental transfer but highly significant for the course of future events as far as work in the field is concerned, was handing over of the personal health services—health of expectant mothers, babies, children, domiciliary midwifery, the school health services and their mainly medical and nursing personnel—from local health authorities to the newly created area health authorities. The public health departments over fifty years and more had created them, built them up into the highly efficient services they are. If anything can be learned from the past, new authorities are always more expensive than those they replace; they spend freely and are lavish with their accommodation and furnishings. In their first few months of existence, the new bodies have proved they are no exception. News of their meetings and activities in many areas is now scanty; even local newspapers which usually thrive on Council news—or quarrels—seem to have been caught on the wrong foot, especially in the small towns now merged into larger units. The public are relatively uninformed, but this doubtless will soon be rectified.

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British Food Journal, vol. 76 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 6 July 2015

P. Brian Fisher and Erin McAdams

This paper aims to examine how both the amount and type of coursework impact students’ conceptualizations of sustainability. Previous research demonstrates that academic…

5124

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how both the amount and type of coursework impact students’ conceptualizations of sustainability. Previous research demonstrates that academic coursework influences students’ environmental attitudes, yet few studies have examined the impact of coursework on how students conceptualize “sustainability”.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are examined from the 2011 Sustainability Survey, which yielded a sample of 552 students at a medium-sized university in the southeastern USA. A series of four linear regression models estimate the impact of academic coursework on students’ conceptualizations of sustainability (ecosystems/nature, eco-efficiency, community/well-being and systemic change/innovation).

Findings

The results indicate that the type of course that students take significantly impacts the way in which students conceptualize this term; the number of courses taken has no statistically significant impact. This suggests that mere exposure to a particular theme in a class, rather than continued exposure to courses related to sustainability, is more important in shaping students’ perceptions.

Originality/value

This study expands on previous research by examining the influence of the number and type of academic coursework on students’ conceptions of sustainability and provides a framework for understanding the varied ways in which sustainability is defined. This has important implications for how students approach ways to achieve a sustainable future. The results suggest that students may be exposed to particular messages within an academic division that encourage students to emphasize particular elements of sustainability. While not problematic on its face, the data demonstrate that students lack an integrated or holistic understanding of sustainability. They usually view sustainability through the same prism as the academic division where their coursework was located, and this has implications for students’ continued perceptions of sustainability, academic programming of sustainability and the practice of it.

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International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, vol. 16 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1467-6370

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1975

One of the arguments used against British entry to the EEC was the loss of sovereignty; that Parliament would not be able to fully control all the statutory measures which would…

110

Abstract

One of the arguments used against British entry to the EEC was the loss of sovereignty; that Parliament would not be able to fully control all the statutory measures which would be applied to the people. EEC regulations apply without implementation by national governments, but since member‐states, through their representatives on Council and Commission, have participated, it is considered that national governments have in effect enacted them. EEC Directives as the name implies requires national governments to apply the provisions of the EEC measure; transitional exemptions up to five years are usually included for individual provisions, where internal adjustment is required. MAFF food regulations, implementing EEC Directives, have been made after this pattern for a number of food additives. The statutory measures are unlikely to present any greater difficulties than usual, but in interpretation, courts in this country have to consider EEC law above that of English and Scottish courts. The Court at Luxemburg exists mainly for interpretation, but courts and litigants have been advised against reference owing to the lengthy delays and the high court or court of sessions should make is interpretation based on EEC law.

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British Food Journal, vol. 77 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 24 June 2004

Malcolm Prentis

Times were tough for the heads of Australian independent schools in the 1950s and 1960s. In New South Wales alone, Knox Grammar School lost two, Barker College and P. L. C…

100

Abstract

Times were tough for the heads of Australian independent schools in the 1950s and 1960s. In New South Wales alone, Knox Grammar School lost two, Barker College and P. L. C. Croydon one each in the 1950s and Newington College had lost two and Meriden School one in the 1960s. And in 1965, Allen McLucas was forced to resign from The Scots College Sydney. Behind these problems of governance and leadership in independent schools lay deeper social and moral changes in the broader community and changing educational philosophies.

Details

History of Education Review, vol. 33 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0819-8691

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