Jane F. Martin and Brian G. Dutton
ICI plc is convinced that there is a very real role for the end‐user in the acquisition of information by online search and Mond Division has been training end‐users since 1983…
Abstract
ICI plc is convinced that there is a very real role for the end‐user in the acquisition of information by online search and Mond Division has been training end‐users since 1983. This article describes the setting‐up of the project, the methodology and results, and outlines developments being pursued in conjunction with other Divisions of ICI towards an ideal system. Implications of the project for the role of the information scientists themselves are considered.
Brian L. Steuerwald, Allison R. Brown, Malek Mneimne and David Kosson
The purpose of this paper is to test the attenuated-anger and heightened-anger hypotheses of psychopathy by assessing the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the attenuated-anger and heightened-anger hypotheses of psychopathy by assessing the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures of anger in individuals with and without psychopathic traits.
Design/methodology/approach
In all, 62 male college students were assigned to one of three groups based on evidence of elevated affective-interpersonal (Factor 1) and antisocial lifestyle (Factor 2) traits associated with psychopathy (the IF1+F2 group), evidence of only Factor 2 traits (the F2 only group), or based on the absence of psychopathic traits (the control group), using Gough’s (1957) Socialization scale and a modified, interview only form of Hare’s (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. To induce anger, participants received unjust criticism about their performance on a computer-based affective lexical decision task and were denied a performance bonus they had reason to expect.
Findings
Following provocation, the three groups displayed similar increases in blood pressure, pulse, and self-reported anger. The control and IF1+F2 groups also displayed similar retaliation toward the confederate. However, the IF1+F2 group displayed smaller increases on two of three measures of facial muscle activity associated with anger.
Originality/value
This study is one of the first to assess anger responsiveness in individuals with psychopathic traits using a powerful anger induction and using physiological, behavioral, and subjective indices of anger. It is also the first to assess both the attenuated-anger and the heightened-anger hypotheses of psychopathy. The findings appear largely inconsistent with both perspectives.
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Cultural portraits usually begin with a description of the context, but as this material is covered elsewhere in this volume, this introduction will be mercifully brief. At any…
Abstract
Cultural portraits usually begin with a description of the context, but as this material is covered elsewhere in this volume, this introduction will be mercifully brief. At any time during the last four decades, there have been dozens, perhaps even hundreds, of Stanford University faculty and doctoral students interested in studying organizations. They have been scattered across the campus, often in small groups within larger schools and departments. They have been based in the Sociology Department and the Organizational Behavior and Strategy areas at the Graduate School of Business. There were always a handful at the Education and Engineering schools, as well as a scattering of individuals doing related work in Psychology, Political Science, and Anthropology. In spite of their numbers, before the Stanford Center for Organizational Research (SCOR) was founded in 1972, many of these faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and doctoral students felt rather isolated. They had little contact with colleagues across campus who shared their interest in organizations and little collective clout when resources were being distributed.
THE following is a brief account of how Monospar machines are being made, rather than a description of a completely worked‐out production system, and also of the considerations…
Abstract
THE following is a brief account of how Monospar machines are being made, rather than a description of a completely worked‐out production system, and also of the considerations which were borne in mind while the machine was being designed. These considerations can be grouped under three headings: Design, Production and Maintenance, and will be dealt with after a brief description of the whole machine, which may be of assistance in visualising how the components to be described are combined.
Martin Benkenstein and Brian Bloch
Discusses the model of industrial development, the S‐curve modeland the model of technological life cycles. Shows that these threemodels are based on similar assumptions and are…
Abstract
Discusses the model of industrial development, the S‐curve model and the model of technological life cycles. Shows that these three models are based on similar assumptions and are, therefore, closely related. The analysis shows, furthermore, that the models have significant implications for technology management. Finally, analyses the extent to which conventional methods of evaluating technological projects take these implications into account. Subjective evaluation techniques, risk/return analyses as well as portfolio methods are subject to critical appraisal. All in all, it becomes clear that these evaluative tools are, at best, of limited use.
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Brian C. Martin, Leiyu Shi and Ryan D. Ward
The purpose of this paper is to examine race, gender and language concordance in terms of importance to primary care.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine race, gender and language concordance in terms of importance to primary care.
Design/methodology/approach
The 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS) was used. Four distinguishing primary care attributes and selected measures were operationalized primarily from a sample subset that identified a usual source of care (USC): accessibility to USC; interface between primary care and specialist services; treatment decisions; and preventive services received from the USC. Bivariate and multivariate results are reported.
Findings
Adjusting for covariates, the following items remained statistically significant: race – choosing primary care physician as USC, USC having office hours, and going to USC for new health problems; gender – choosing primary care physician as USC and USC having office hours; and language – lack of difficulty contacting the USC after hours. However, these items appear to be isolated cases rather than indicators that concordance plays a key role in determining primary care quality. Language barriers/communication issues are the only areas where improvement appears warranted.
Research limitations/implications
While the study has strong accessibility and interpersonal relationship measures, service coordination and comprehensiveness indicators are limited. The analyses' cross‐sectional nature also poses a problem in drawing causal relationships and conclusive findings. Finally, sample size limitations preclude stratified analyses across racial/ethnic groups, an important consideration as the relationships between concordance and quality may vary across groups.
Practical implications
This study indicates that more research is needed in this area to determine future resource allocation and policy direction.
Originality/value
The unique contribution of the study is to suggest that race and gender concordance may not accurately predict primary health care quality.