Paul Sawhney, Chuck Allen, Michael Reynolds, Ryan Slopek and Brian Condon
The aim of this research is to develop greige (raw/non-bleached) cotton-containing nonwoven fabrics that likely would be competitive in quality, cost and performance to existing…
Abstract
The aim of this research is to develop greige (raw/non-bleached) cotton-containing nonwoven fabrics that likely would be competitive in quality, cost and performance to existing products that presently and predominantly use man-made fibers and some bleached cotton for wipes and other similar end-use nonwoven products. Since the whiteness and absorbency of these end-use products generally are the most desired and perhaps even critical attributes, the research was mainly focused on attaining these attributes by exploring various choices and optimum use of a variety of cost-effective cotton fibers and the blends thereof with other fibers. Nonwoven fabrics were produced, via a modern hydroentanglement system, with possible choices of using several types of cotton fibers, including the greige cotton lint and certain of its co-products such as gin motes and comber noils, and their various blends with polyester and nylon staple fibers. Bleached cotton was also used to produce an equivalent fabric for comparison. The research has shown that although the desired and perhaps critical properties of whiteness and absorbency of the selected fibers vary considerably among the various fabrics produced, the blends of greige cotton lint with man-made fibers can provide the fabric whiteness and absorbency comparable to those of say, a, bleached cotton fabric. The research results suggest that the greige cotton lint and/or its co-products in blend with polyester fiber may be sensible approaches to the development of functionally acceptable nonwoven wiping products that are also environment friendly.
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Paul Sawhney, Hiram Allen, Michael Reynolds, Ryan Slopek, Brian Condon, David Hui and Suhad Wojkowski
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two popular web-forming technologies, viz., the Rando air-laid technology and the traditional carding and cross-laying…
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two popular web-forming technologies, viz., the Rando air-laid technology and the traditional carding and cross-laying technology, on properties of the hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics made therewith. A mill-like fiber processing study was conducted in a commercial-grade pilot plant using a variety of short staple fibers and their blends. The fibers used in the study were greige cotton, bleached cotton, cotton derivatives, and cut-staple polyester. The hydroentangled fabrics produced with the two systems were mainly evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties, absorbency, absorbency capacity, and whiteness. The study has shown that, with the exception of greige cotton linters, the greige cotton lint, greige cotton gin motes, and even greige cotton comber noils, either alone or in blend with the other fibers mentioned, can be mechanically processed into hydroentangled nonwoven fabric structures without any insurmountable difficulties. The drop test and sink time followed each other pretty closely, as the drop test time increased so did the sink times. The "whiteness" of fabric, which is significantly more dependent on the fabric's constituent fiber content than on the fabric's surface-based light reflection, obviously varied considerably. However, the whiteness index within the same fiber types and their blends shows no trend of significant difference between the fabric produced with carded fiber web and the fabric produced with random Rando fiber web. Incidentally, the Rando sample of bleached cotton was not available. Since the nonwoven fabrics of this discussion generally are disposable, the optional use of ‘brighteners’ to improve whiteness of certain whiteness-deficient fabrics may be considered as long as the brighteners do not easily bleed from the fabrics.
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This paper explores religious education (RE) in South Australia from 1968–1980. It focuses especially on the collapse of the RE settlement from 1968–1972 and the controversial…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper explores religious education (RE) in South Australia from 1968–1980. It focuses especially on the collapse of the RE settlement from 1968–1972 and the controversial legislation and subsequent curricula emerging from changes to the Education Act in 1972.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws upon archival materials, published sources from the South Australian Institute of Teachers, the South Australian Education Department and the Religious Education Project Team, as well as an interview with Malcolm McArthur, one of the most influential figures in the controversy.
Findings
Following the collapse of religious instruction from 1968–1972, the Minister of Education quickly passed legislation regarding a new course of religious education. A major controversy subsequently broke out over the appropriateness and design of a new programme of religious education. Educators attempted to design an educationally sound programme of RE that would avoid the problem of indoctrination. Ultimately, a new programme was created that satisfied neither proponents nor opponents of religion in state schools, and General Religious Teaching gradually faded from South Australian classrooms by 1980.
Originality/value
The article engages with broader debates on the nature of secularity in Australian history. In particular, it complicates the political-institutional approach developed by Damon Mayrl by stressing the agency and significance of elite educational and religious actors in the creation of new secular settlements. It also provides a useful addition to an older South Australian historiography by utilising newly available sources on the topic.
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This paper has five objectives. First, to draw attention to serious weaknesses in Kaminsky's analysis of the South Australian “Freedom and Authority” memorandum. Second, to sketch…
Abstract
This paper has five objectives. First, to draw attention to serious weaknesses in Kaminsky's analysis of the South Australian “Freedom and Authority” memorandum. Second, to sketch out how Kaminsky could have presented a more realistic picture of A.W. Jones's position both with regard to the memo, and school governance in general. Third, to show that had Kaminsky pursued this suggested line of analysis he would have found that Jones confused ends‐type policy‐making with technico‐professional decision‐making, which led Jones into error concerning the respective roles of lay people and professionals in educational policy‐making. Fourth, to illustrate how Jones's radical indictment of the lack of “democracy” in Australian schools in the mid 1970s was conjoined with conservative and technocratic decisional proposals. Finally, to suggest that the issues raised in my criticism of Kaminsky and Jones are of crucial importance to all those interested in school governance.
Maja Stojanović and Petra Alaine Robinson
This paper aims to present the experiences, beliefs and perceptions of international faculty at a Research 1 institution in the Southern US regarding the perceived differences…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present the experiences, beliefs and perceptions of international faculty at a Research 1 institution in the Southern US regarding the perceived differences between their and their students’ and colleagues’ cultures and first languages.
Design/methodology/approach
Face-to-face interviews were conducted with four international faculty from Europe and Asia who held appointments at a Research 1 institution in the Southern US. The interviews focused on the participants’ communication experiences with students and colleagues from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Findings
The findings have implications for academic and professional development and support as they show that understanding cultural aspects of language and communication can be challenging for individuals who may not be aware of possible cultural differences.
Originality/value
This study is unique because it presents stories of faculty from different backgrounds, who were born on different continents and who learned English at different ages but are all working in a linguistically homogeneous context. Also, the originality of the study comes from examining the intercultural communication between the participating faculty and their students, as well as their colleagues.
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This study investigates the potential of utilizing mindfulness practices to regulate emotions in libraries. Libraries are emotionally stressful environments characterized by…
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of utilizing mindfulness practices to regulate emotions in libraries. Libraries are emotionally stressful environments characterized by continuous change and uncertainty. Working with the public and with colleagues can lead to emotional strain and exhaustion. Mindfulness offers librarians a means to achieve a degree of emotional control so they do not identify with emotions, allowing them to focus more fully on their work. This study examines the scientific research that has been conducted on mindfulness and the effect it has on emotions. The research is drawn from the fields of psychology and related fields such as medicine. The findings are applied to the library field to examine what the potential implications might be. Psychological studies have shown that mindfulness has the potential to effectively manage emotions in the workplace and in organizational settings. Mindfulness practices help individuals manage emotions by a process of attuning to and dis-identifying with affective content, leaving them free to concentrate on the task at hand. Psychological science has found mindfulness to be useful for managing emotions. These findings have potential implications for libraries. By applying mindfulness to the library setting, this study provides librarians with an effective strategy for regulating emotions and coping with work-related stress.
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Karlijn Soppe and Jeroen Huisman
In this chapter, the authors outline what replication research is and explain why this could be a helpful tool to support the trustworthiness and credibility of (earlier) research…
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors outline what replication research is and explain why this could be a helpful tool to support the trustworthiness and credibility of (earlier) research findings. Replication research has received increased attention in the light of the so-called ‘replication crisis’: a series of studies in psychology failed to reproduce the findings from previous studies. In higher education, replication research is relatively rare, and researchers should be aware of various challenges. The authors take stock of studies on higher education – most of these in the area of teaching and learning – that have used a replication design. Somewhat surprisingly, many studies in our field are not sufficiently clear about what exactly has been replicated and in some cases the term replication was misused. We conclude that replication research can be useful, but researchers carefully need to consider whether their approach indeed contributes to increased trustworthiness and credibility of earlier findings.
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Brian Mark Hawrysh and Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky
Recent studies in Japanese and American negotiating styles arereviewed, and it is found that bargaining behaviours are affected byculture from the beginning of the negotiation…
Abstract
Recent studies in Japanese and American negotiating styles are reviewed, and it is found that bargaining behaviours are affected by culture from the beginning of the negotiation process. These differences can be viewed as a set of styles, habits, skills and expectations that might be understood through ethnographic analysis. Once the bases for the differences in negotiation styles are understood, negotiating across cultures may be a more efficient process.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current state of the “paperless office” and explore how likely it is that libraries will be administered by librarians in paperless…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current state of the “paperless office” and explore how likely it is that libraries will be administered by librarians in paperless offices in the near future.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper surveys the literature on forecasts for the paperless office to determine whether library operations and offices could be as paperless as some of their collections might be in the near future.
Findings
The paperless office was once seen as inevitable, but is looking less far less likely given how we access and organize documents, how we read and understand information, and how we analyze what we read online and in print. Nonetheless, certain routine library operations would lend themselves almost immediately to paperless storage and retrieval processes and systems.
Research limitations/implications
More research is required on records management systems in libraries with a view to establishing largely paperless operations in the future. Implications for future research involve the establishment of processes and the testing of systems which would most easily lend themselves to standard library operations.
Practical implications
Recent research on reading and cognitive function indicates that there are certain practical implications involved in doing away with paper entirely. Nonetheless, certain routine library functions could be made paperless operations once practical considerations such as the choice of systems, establishment of work flow, policies and processes have been realized.
Originality/value
The paper makes the case for more research and exploration of the viability of paperless or near‐paperless library operations.
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The paper focuses on intentional information security breaches by insiders. The purpose is to assess the relationship between insiders' backgrounds and motivations and their…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper focuses on intentional information security breaches by insiders. The purpose is to assess the relationship between insiders' backgrounds and motivations and their deviant behaviors. Two outcome variables, information technology (IT) espionage and IT sabotage, are correlated with four predictors, financial changes, relationship strains, substance abuse, and job changes.
Design/methodology/approach
Some 62 cases of intentional information security breaches by insiders are examined using canonical analysis.
Findings
The results indicate that a significant relationship exists between financial hardship, relationship strains, and the theft and sale of proprietary data by insiders; and recent firings, substance abuse, and relationship strains are related to information system sabotage.
Research limitations/implications
Because little or no research has been conducted on this topic, there is a lack of validated measures for variables associated with information security. Thus, the measures used in this paper are necessarily simplistic. Because few organizations report information security weaknesses, the sample is relatively small.
Practical implications
In the majority of cases included in this paper, it is found that the insider convey a number of warning signs before committing the security breach. After reading this paper, diligent managers should be able to identify potential security breaches.
Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to explore insider security breaches using canonical analysis.