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Being the key sensitive elements of the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) resonant sensors, performance of the double-ended tuning fork (DETF) will affect precision of the whole sensor greatly. Currently, most of the research on DETF is concentrated on ideal theory or simply mentioned as part of the sensor. But, in most engineering occasions, there exists many factors such as the additional mass, air damping and fabrication process, etc. However, few references are individually aimed at the mechanical characters of DETF. To choose the suitable DETF, it is important to solely research and measure the performance of this element.

In this paper, the authors combine the practical engineering applications and deduce the calculation method of sensitive element’s resonant frequency under various circumstances. The authors also design a force-generating system to make the loading simulation and verify the correctness of theory.

On the basis of Euler–Bernoulli theory and Rayleigh’s equation, frequency theories of DETF under four different situations have been deduced. A force-generating device is designed and fabricated to measure the mechanical characters of the DETF. The experiments using force-generating system, DETF, the high performance laser vibrometer and oscillograph are carried out. It verifies the correctness of theory.

Currently, most of the research on DETF is concentrated on ideal theory or simply mentioned as part of the sensor, and few references are individually aimed at the mechanical characters of DETF. Combining the practical engineering applications, the authors deduced the frequency theories of DETF. A force-generating system is designed and fabricated to measure the mechanical characters of the DETF, and the experiment results match the theoretical results very well.

This study proposes an approach to solve the fundamental problem in using query-based methods (i.e. searching engines and patent retrieval tools) to screen patents of information and communication technology in construction (ICTC). The fundamental problem is that ICTC incorporates various techniques and thus cannot be simply represented by man-made queries. To investigate this concern, this study develops a binary classifier by utilizing deep learning and NLP techniques to automatically identify whether a patent is relevant to ICTC, thus accurately screening a corpus of ICTC patents.

This study employs NLP techniques to convert the textual data of patents into numerical vectors. Then, a supervised deep learning model is developed to learn the relations between the input vectors and outputs.

The validation results indicate that (1) the proposed approach has a better performance in screening ICTC patents than traditional machine learning methods; (2) besides the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that provides structured and well-written patents, the approach could also accurately screen patents form Derwent Innovations Index (DIX), in which patents are written in different genres.

This study contributes a specific collection for ICTC patents, which is not provided by the patent offices.

The proposed approach contributes an alternative manner in gathering a corpus of patents for domains like ICTC that neither exists as a searchable classification in patent offices, nor is accurately represented by man-made queries.

A deep learning model with two layers of neurons is developed to learn the non-linear relations between the input features and outputs providing better performance than traditional machine learning models. This study uses advanced NLP techniques lemmatization and part-of-speech POS to process textual data of ICTC patents. This study contributes specific collection for ICTC patents which is not provided by the patent offices.

The purpose of this paper is to review the application of digital holography in studies of the corrosion of metallic materials.

Digital holography is used for in situ observation of the dynamic processes at the electrode | electrolyte interface and on the electrode surface during the corrosion dissolution of metallic materials.

Digital holography is an effect method to in situ observe the corrosion processes, and it can provide a direct experimental foundation for studying the corrosion mechanism.

Even though there are several challenges, digital holography will play a significant role in studying corrosion processes.

The purpose of this paper is to study the anodic dissolution processes of alloy 690 in NaCl + Na₂S₂O₃ solutions by using digital holography.

The digital holography technique was used to in situ observe the dynamic processes occurring at the electrode|electrolyte interface during the anodic dissolution of alloy 690 in NaCl + Na₂S₂O₃ solutions, both in the presence and absence of a magnetic field (MF).

In 3.5% NaCl + 0.01 M Na₂S₂O₃ solutions, MF inhibited intergranular corrosion (IGC) because it increased the defects in the oxide film and facilitated the uniform adsorption of low concentration of S on these defects due to its stirring effects, which resulted in a weakened adsorption of S at the grain boundaries. Conversely, in 3.5% NaCl + 0.1 M Na₂S₂O₃ solutions, MF promoted IGC by increasing the number of defects in the oxide film, with lots of S species preferentially adsorbing at the grain boundaries. The resultant salt films formed more readily, inhibiting the formation of the oxide film at the grain boundaries.

Through the use of digital holography, it was possible to in situ observe the initiation of IGC at a single grain boundary and its progression to adjacent grain boundaries, regardless of the presence or absence of MF.

This study examines the stock market efficiency in China to offer trading strategy guidance to investors and efficiency evaluation insight to policymakers.

This study examines the stock market efficiency in China with a new combined liquidity trading strategy by blending technical analysis into a liquidity buy-and-hold strategy.

Our results show that the combined strategy generates significant excess returns in the whole sample period, suggesting that the Chinese stock market is not consistent with the weak form efficient hypothesis. In addition, the combined strategy yields more significant risk-adjusted excess returns after the 2004 split-share reform, indicating the stock market efficiency in China does not exhibit a distinct upgrade after the reform. Our further test results reinforce the main conclusions after taking transaction costs, market states, short-selling reform and other issues into consideration.

Our study contributes to the literature in two ways: First, we shed light on the mixed documented results about the market efficiency form in China. Second, we contribute to the mixed relation between the 2004 split-share reform and market efficiency in China.

The power vacuum in Europe after World War II induced the United States and the Soviet Union to seek European allies against one another (an action that neorealists would describe as “external balancing”). The disparate geopolitical circumstances facing the two super powers were bound to have some effect on the types of alliances they sought. In the United States, many officials and legislators initially were reluctant to maintain a permanent military presence in Europe. They planned instead to help the West European states themselves acquire the wherewithal to sustain a viable balance against the Soviet Union. Not until after the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 did U.S. perceptions of the Soviet threat change enough to generate wide spread support for a huge increase in the U.S. military commitment to Western Europe. By that point, U.S. officials already sensed, from the Berlin crisis of 1948‐49, that the United States would need an extensive network of military bases in Western Europe if it wished to deter or rebuff Soviet probes on the continent. The increased deployment of U.S. troops and weapons in Europe from late 1950 on was geared toward that end, and was also intended to reassure the West Europeans of the strength of the U.S. commitment to their defense. That commitment had been nominally codified in April 1949 ‐ primarily at the West Europeans’ initiative ‐ with the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), but it was not until the early 1950s, after the shock of Korea, that the United States began putting up the resources needed to fulfill its military obligations to NATO.

This research aims to reveal the relationship between ingroup favoritism, seen as a theoretical cause of workplace violence experienced by physicians, with pre-violence, the moment of violence and post-violence, and the role of psychological resilience in coping with workplace violence.

A descriptive, cross-sectional design was applied in the research. First, data was gathered via structured questionnaire surveys to the 169 physicians and 321 patients with appointments using the simple random sampling method in three public hospitals in the province of Sanliurfa-Turkey between June 3, 2020, and January 1, 2021. The data was then examined through variance-based structural equation modeling and regression analysis.

Results indicate that the psychological resilience of physicians is essential in coping with workplace violence. The causes of favoritism behaviors were stated as a desire to protect the individuals they are with, increase their power, gain interest and cover their incompetence. It was determined that favoritism behaviors increase violence, but psychological resiliency decreases violence.

Some unobservable markers that impose priority for a patient from one's primary group, favoritism, may predict behaviors including violence. Contrary to popular belief, violence against physicians may be prevented by hospital management and social psychology practices rather than taking legal actions or increasing physical safety procedures. Moreover, the simultaneous collection of the data used in the study from physicians and patients with an appointment makes the study more meaningful and unbiased.

The study has two objectives: (1) expand our knowledge of the relationship between unethical behaviour and both trust and satisfaction and (2) demonstrate that unethical behaviour research should be examined multi-dimensionally.

Data were collected by resorting to a mixed methods approach. First, individual interviews were performed with 31 bank consumers from six main commercial banks in Bukavu city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Interview notes were submitted for content analysis to identify items and components that underpin the unethical practices construct. Second, a quantitative survey was conducted with 410 consumers from the same six banks. An aggregated-disaggregated structural equations modelling approach was used to test the impact of unethical practices on relationship outcomes through two studies. Study 1 tested a model that links unethical behaviour as a one-dimensional construct to trust and satisfaction. Study 2 tested a model that directly connects the four specific unethical behaviour components to both trust and satisfaction.

Results from study 1 reveal that perceived unethical behaviour negatively influences consumer trust. Results also confirm that trust positively influences customer satisfaction. Results from study 2 confirm that unresponsive, disrespect and lying behaviours negatively influence both trust and satisfaction. Banks which are involving in those specific unethical behaviours can neither satisfy their consumers, nor maintain a sustainable and profitable relationship with them. Therefore, unethical behaviours harm the relationships outcomes in the banking sector.

The perceived unethical behaviour scale derives from a single data set and its reliability and validity need to be improved. Relationships between constructs are tested in a more direct way and ignore moderating variables. Perceived unethical behaviour is connected to relationship outcome variables while its impact on firms’ metrics have been ignored.

Banks have to understand customers’ perception of unethical behaviours and find a way to overcome them. Banks should recruit, motivate and retain employees who demonstrate an ethical inclination in the service encounter and create structures and mechanisms in order to monitor and manage unethical practices.

Banks employees' unethical behaviour and practices not only damage the trust and reputation of banks but also can lead to frustration on the part of customers and damage their relationship with the institution. Our paper is a warning of this danger and might improve the social interactions between organisations (in general) and customers.

Unethical behaviour is measured with a four-component scale in contrast to previous studies that have used bi-dimensional or one-dimensional scales. The study tests a disaggregated model that links four components of perceived unethical behaviour to relationship outcome variables. Perceived unethical behaviours are analysed from the customers’ perspective by resorting to mixed methods strategy.

This study aims to delve into the perspectives of educators on integrating ChatGPT, an AI language model into management education. In the current research, educators were asked to talk as widely as possible about the perceived benefits, limitations of ChatGPT in management education and strategies to improve ChatGPT for management education. Also, shedding light on what motivates or inhibits them to use ChatGPT in management education in the Indian context.

Interpretative phenomenological analysis commonly uses purposive sampling. In this research, the purpose is to delve into educators’ perspectives on ChatGPT in management education. The data was collected from the universities offering management education in Uttarakhand, India. The final sample size for the study was constrained to 57 educators, reflecting the point of theoretical saturation in data collection.

The present study involved educators discussing the various advantages of using ChatGPT in the context of management education. When educators were interviewed, their responses were categorized into nine distinct sub-themes related to the benefits of ChatGPT in management education. Similarly, when educators were asked to provide their insights on the limitations of using ChatGPT in management education, their responses were grouped into six sub-themes that emerged during the interviews. Furthermore, in the process of interviewing educators about potential strategies to enhance ChatGPT for management education, their feedback was organized into seven sub-themes, reflecting the various approaches suggested by the educators.

In the qualitative study, perceptions and experiences of educators at a certain period are captured. It would be necessary to conduct longitudinal research to comprehend how perceptions and experiences might change over time. The study’s exclusive focus on management education may not adequately reflect the experiences and viewpoints of educators in another discipline. The findings may not be generalizable and applicable to other educational disciplines.

The research has helped in identifying the strengths and limitations of ChatGPT as perceived by educators for management education. Understanding educators’ perceptions and experiences with ChatGPT provided valuable insight into how the tool is being used in real-world educational settings. These insights can guide higher education institutions, policymakers and ChatGPT service providers in refining and improving the ChatGPT tool to better align with the specific needs of management educators.

Amid the rising interest in ChatGPT’s educational applications, a research gap exists in exploring educators’ perspectives on AI tools like ChatGPT. While some studies have addressed its role in fields like medical, engineering, legal education and natural sciences, the context of management education remains underexplored. This study focuses on educators’ experiences with ChatGPT in transforming management education, aiming to reveal its benefits, limitations and factors influencing adoption. As research in this area is limited, educators’ insights can guide higher education institutions, ChatGPT providers and policymakers in effectively implementing ChatGPT in Indian management education.

This study aims to investigate the intricate relations between self-regulated learning, life-long learning and academic self-efficacy, while also evaluating the mediating influence of future time orientation.

Utilizing a cross-sectional research design, data were amassed from 2,943 Romanian secondary school students in 11th and 12th grades via structured questionnaires: the self-regulated learning questionnaire, the academic self-efficacy scale, the future orientation scale derived from the Zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI) and the lifelong learning scale.

The findings corroborate that self-regulated learning and academic self-efficacy when mediated by future time orientation, bolster life-long learning.

These results indicate that enhancing comprehension of future time orientation within the educational framework could potentially boost life-long learning.

This work is an original contribution, synthesizing existing literature, empirical findings and theoretical frameworks to advance our understanding of the multifaceted relationships shaping individuals' learning journey throughout their lives. Our focus on the mediating influence of future orientation adds a novel dimension to understanding the mechanisms through which individuals actively engage in learning throughout their lives.