Zeqi Jiang, Jianhua Fang, Fei Chen, Boshui Chen and Kecheng Gu
This paper aims at understanding tribological properties of lubricating oils doped with zinc dithiophosphate(ZDDP) with and without electromagnetic field impact.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims at understanding tribological properties of lubricating oils doped with zinc dithiophosphate(ZDDP) with and without electromagnetic field impact.
Design/methodology/approach
The friction and wear properties of the oils formulated with zinc butyloctyl dithiophosphate (T202) or zinc dioctyl dithiophosphate (T203) under electromagnetic field or nonelectromagnetic field were evaluated on a modified four-ball tribotester. The characteristics of the worn surfaces obtained from electromagnetic or nonelectromagnetic field conditions were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This paper focuses on understanding influence of electromagnetic field on lubrication effect of the ZDDP-formulated oils.
Findings
The electromagnetic field could effectively facilitate anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of the oils doped with T202 or T203 as compared to those without electromagnetism affection, and the T203-doped oils were more susceptible to the electromagnetic field. The improvement of anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of the tested oils were mainly attributed to the promoted tribochemical reactions and the modification of the worn surfaces (forming Zn-Fe solid solution) induced by the electromagnetic field.
Originality/value
This paper has revealed that tribological performances of ZDDP-doped oils could be improved by the electromagnetic field and discussed its lubrication mechanisms. Investigating tribological properties of additives from the viewpoint of electromagnetics is a new attempt, which has significance not only for the choose and designing of additives in electromagnetic condition but also for development of tribological theories and practices.
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Jianhua Ding, Jianhua Fang, Boshui Chen, Nan Zhang, Xingyu Fan and Zhe Zheng
This paper aims to understand the influences of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester on biodegradability and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to understand the influences of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester on biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil.
Design/methodology/approach
Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The biodegradability and tribological properties of neat oil and its formulations were studied on a tester for fast evaluating biodegradability of lubricants and a four-ball tester, respectively. The worn surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope.
Findings
Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester both improved markedly the biodegradability, the anti-wear properties, friction-reducing properties and extreme pressure properties of base oil. The effect of oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester was better than tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate. The improvement of tribological performances was mainly ascribed to the formation of a complicated boundary lubrication film of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester on the friction surfaces.
Originality/value
This paper has indicated that tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester effectively improve the biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil. Promoting biodegradation of mineral lubricant by additives is very significant for the development of petroleum-based biodegradable lubricants. These two additives not merely improve the tribological performances; more importantly, they improve the ecological performances.
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Boshui Chen, Weijiu Huang and Jianhua Fang
The purpose of this paper is to understand the impacts of oleoyl glycine on biodegradation, friction and wear performances of a mineral lubricating oil.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the impacts of oleoyl glycine on biodegradation, friction and wear performances of a mineral lubricating oil.
Design/methodology/approach
The biodegradabilities of a neat oil and its formulations with oleoyl glycine were evaluated on a biodegradation tester and the microbial characters in the biodegradation sewage observed through a microscope. Also, the friction and wear performances of neat oil and the formulated oil were determined on a four‐ball tribometer. The morphologies and tribochemical features of the worn surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Findings
Oleoyl glycine markedly enhanced biodegradation of unreadily biodegradable mineral oil and effectively improved its anti‐wear and friction‐reducing abilities. The enhancement of biodegradability of the mineral oil was preliminarily ascribed to the increment of microbial populations in the biodegradation processes, while the improvement of anti‐wear and friction‐reducing abilities was mainly attributed to the formation of a boundary adsorption film of oleoyl glycine on the friction surfaces.
Originality/value
Oleoyl glycine is a biodegradable and low eco‐toxic compound. The authors' work has shown that oleoyl glycine is effective in improving biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricants. Enhancing biodegradability of petroleum‐based lubricants by additives is a new attempt. The paper has significance for improving ecological and tribological performances of mineral lubricants, even for developing petroleum‐based biodegradable lubricants.
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Soumya Ranjan Guru, Chetla Venugopal and Mihir Sarangi
This study aims to investigate the behavior of vegetable oil with two additives. Base oil’s tribological qualities can be improved with the help of several additions. In the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the behavior of vegetable oil with two additives. Base oil’s tribological qualities can be improved with the help of several additions. In the present investigation, soybean oil is served as the foundational oil due to its eco-friendliness and status as a vegetable oil with two additives, named polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2).
Design/methodology/approach
As additives, PTFE and MoS2 are used; PTFE is renowned for its anti-friction (AF) properties, while MoS2 is a solid lubricant with anti-wear (AW) properties. This investigation examines the synergistic impact of AF and AW additions in vegetable oil. The lubricity of the base oil is measured by using a four-ball tester, and the wear properties of the oil at different additive amounts are determined by using a universal tribometer.
Findings
PTFE (at 5 Wt.%) and MoS2 (at 1 Wt.%) were found to improve the tribological performance of the base oil. The weld load is significantly increased when 5 Wt.% of PTFE + MoS2 is added to the base oil.
Originality/value
A better tribological characteristic can be achieved by combining additives that amount to less than 1% of the base oil. In experiments with highly concentrated MoS2, the adequate pressure improved dramatically, but the lubricant’s tribological characteristics did not.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2022-0321/