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Tourism is an essential industry in Indonesia, and understanding its inter-sectoral and inter-regional connections is critical for policy development. This study examines the economic impact of regional tourism in Indonesia and the connections between different tourism-related regions and industries.

This study uses a non-survey method to estimate the inter-regional input-output table (IRIOT) in 2019, backward and forward linkage to identify the role of tourism in the economy, and the structural path analysis (SPA) to identify the inter-sectoral and inter-regional flow of tourism effect. The benchmark IRIOT 2016 published by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) serves as the primary data source.

The findings indicate that tourism has a relatively high impact on the overall national economy and plays an essential role in nine provinces. However, this study uses four provinces to represent Indonesian tourism: Jakarta, Jawa Timur, Bali, and Kepulauan Riau. The SPA result captures that Kepulauan Riau Province has the highest tourism multiplier effect and Jawa Timur has the highest coverage value. Moreover, the manufacturing sector receives the most benefit from the tourism effect, followed by trade, construction, agriculture, transportation, and electricity-gas. From a spatial perspective, tourism connections are not solely based on geographical proximity. Instead, they are established through an intricate supply chain network of manufactured goods. This emphasizes the significance of considering supply chain dynamics when investigating inter-regional relationships in the tourism sector.

This research contributes to the literature by estimating the IRIOT in 2019, disaggregating tourism activities from related economic sectors, constructing tourism-extended IRIOT, and identifying the critical path of tourism effect in numerous provinces with different economic structures. This novel approach offers valuable insights into the full spectrum of tourism’s economic impact, which has not been previously explored in this depth. This study is useful for policymaking, investment insight, and disaster mitigation.

Succession of family enterprises has been an issue of concern to a number of researchers, and extensive studies have been conducted on this. Transfer of family business from one generation to next has resulted in collapse of most family business in both developed and developing economies. This study looked at succession in family enterprise in Ghana using theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and cognitive dimension of social capital theory to know the intention of founder/incumbent to hand over the family business to an internal successor.

Our target population for this study is family businesses run in Ghana, Western region. Ghana is not having statistical database on family businesses; therefore, the study relied on the database of registered SMEs which was gotten from Registrar General's Department, Ghana. This is the government department that is in charge of registering business in Ghana. A sample of 596 was used and received a response rate of 60%. The study used structural equation model to find out how the variables correlate to discover the intention of the founder/successor on internal succession.

It was discovered that intention of founder/incumbent to hand over to an internal successor is predominantly determined by attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and cognitive dimension of the social capital. Trust does not influence the intention of founder/incumbent but attitude; this rejects the findings of most researchers.

Most family enterprises were not registered, which made it difficult to reach out to all family businesses. This limited the authors approach to only the registered family enterprises.

Family firms are the backbone of any economy, which comprise mostly of SMEs. Therefore, the understanding of succession by incumbents/founders as well as policymakers enhances firms' value and continuity.

The study was conducted in Africa, Ghana in particular, owing to the limited studies in this region.