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This chapter will consider the workings of microcelebrity in the context of an evolving Indian cyber public. In the contemporary moment, large-scale battles for control over the world’s youngest and increasingly digitally active demographic are in full swing – both by corporations like Facebook through efforts like Free Basics, as well as by ideologues who wish to mold the “idea of India” in certain ways. While digital spaces are often framed as liberating, there are also extremely strong conservative forces that are well established. It is within this context that I would like to examine the recent growth of the Indian online comedic scene whose popularity has increased by leaps and bounds. My particular focus will be the comedy collective of AIB (All India Backchod), who are most prominent on Youtube. This collective has garnered significant popularity through their deployment of viral comedic videos riffing off on various aspects of Indian society and have also made socially aware videos around hot button issues like gay rights and women’s rights. I would like to examine their treatment of gender and sexuality particularly in the context of it being made up primarily of straight men and how that has affected their engagement both with the content of their videos, as well as their ability to leverage their online visibility. I will be using ideas of postcolonial cyberspace as theorized by Nishant Shah (2015) as well as theorists of microcelebrity and the use of humor such as Theresa Senft (2013).

Although the early conversations of microcelebrity centered on Anglo-centric theories and context despite the varied backgrounds and cultural context of microcelebrity, this compilation of chapters seeks to assess and reframe the applications and uptake of microcelebrity around the world. Each of the chapters in this anthology contribute to expand the theoretical concept and contextualize the history and cultural affairs of those who are famous online. The case studies provide examples of how a microcelebrity emerges to fame because of their exposure and interaction within a group of niche users, a specific online community, or a specific cultural and geographical context through the social networks that emerge online. Academic scholarship on microcelebrity has crossed methodologies, disciplines and platforms demonstrating the wide appeal as the influence of these figures are on the rise. As preparation for the reader, this chapter offers a brief history of current scholarship, with an emphasis on shifting knowledge production away from an Anglo and Global North perspective. The introduction chapter serves as a road map for the reader breaking down each of the three sections of the book – norms, labors, and activism. Lastly, the co-editors have outlined different ways to read the text group chapters according to reader interest.

Those local authorities in this country who have been carrying out extensive training courses for food handlers must, at this time of the year with annual estimates fresh in their minds, together with frequent exhortations for economy, give much thought to the ultimate results of their efforts. In order to proceed further with this analysis, it is necessary to divide the authorities into three main groups: (1) those that have had a comprehensive system embracing lectures to all types of food handlers in hotels, food shops, fishmongers, bakers and greengrocers, etc.; (2) those who are content with one or two public lectures, or those whose campaigns take the form of a Clean Food Week; and finally (3) those who have no organised training programme, do not intend to have one and rely entirely on visits by Health Officers to advise and enforce the necessary Acts and local bye‐laws. It is imperative that a system of regular and thorough inspection of these premises be carried out at least once every three months, irrespective of what type of auxiliary training and lectures are put into force. Those officers who have spent a great deal of time in taking these courses and lecturing have found that there are many people who will not ask questions in front of an audience and to these advice during inspection is of the utmost importance. Particular difficulties in relation to equipment and layout can often be solved on the premises which would not be possible at a lecture even if the food handler would put his questions forward at that time. In order to check improvements, division into the three groups above will assist in assessing the achievements in any training programme. The consensus of opinion among health authorities in this country shows that comprehensive training programmes do pay good dividends. Later inspections show that there are improved conditions in food shops and improved working relations between the food industry and the local health department and, most important of all, increased public interest in, and support for, the cleaner food ideal. This assessment has also been borne out by the experience of authorities in the United States of America. In one large city in Columbia, 70 per cent of the staff of the licensed restaurants had completed training courses and one was interested to learn that in the “ A” restaurants the Health Department had issued tabs to be attached to menus which read: “ Our dishes and utensils are sanitised; our employees are trained; our kitchen invites your inspection”. Of particular interest in this respect is the attention paid to catering at fairs, a very thorny problem in this country. The Missouri Division of Health have stated that, during the past four years, there has not been a single reported case of food poisoning and that this has been accomplished, not only by means of regulations, but with constant supervision and a mobile laboratory that follows the fairs. It also stresses the value of dispensable paper cups and dishes that obviate the necessity for washing and sterilising facilities, often most difficult to obtain with mobile fairs and peripatetic catering. In one county in Kansas courses are planned by the Public Health Department and the Adult Education Sections of the Schools. All food handlers are required to have a card saying that they have successfully completed the course and this card is valid for one year only and personnel must complete a refresher course before obtaining a new card. The rates of improvement vary considerably but in all authorities in the United States of America, where comprehensive programmes have been carried out over a few years, definite improvement has been found in food handling. This is not the only aspect that must be considered at the present time. The potentiality of highly trained staff is of the utmost value in case of emergency. This was demonstrated in the very serious flooding that occurred in Kansas inundating hundreds of houses and disorganising public services. This problem arose at very short notice and the fact stressed by the State Board of Health was that, although the crisis lasted from a period of weeks to several months, not a single case of disease was traced to water supplies or to food. These emergency measures are undoubtedly the most stringent test of public health organisation and of the efficiency of those who handle and distribute food. In such cases, there is never sufficient time to start any scheme of training, but, with skilled staff, the spate of illnesses, such as typhoid, dysentery, etc., that invariably accompanied such occurrences could be reduced, if not eliminated, where efficient schemes of training have been carried out. When assessing the value of food training courses in such an emergency, one is forced by present conditions to think again of how it will fit in with Civil Defence requirements. The experience of the last war showed that the task of feeding large numbers of evacuees is a tremendous problem. It is not sufficient merely to have stores of food at strategic points, but trained people must be available who can not only make the most use of the food, but will know how to reduce the incidence of food poisoning or transference of infection when dealing with communal feeding of this type. To the foregoing must be added the risk that power and fuel might be cut off and also other main services. Then washing and sterilisation of equipment would not be possible. Experienced workers in this sphere will, prior to such conditions, have plans in hand that will cover all these contingencies. It may be necessary to feed homeless exacuees, Civil Defence workers operating in devastated areas, and even distribute food for the remaining citizens in towns where normal services have ceased to exist. It is in these circumstances that the food handler who has had thorough training will be able to carry on, well knowing the risks and taking every precaution to avoid the spread of infection and consequent epidemics.

In an article on “Scientific Societies and Alien Enemies,” which appeared in the May issue of The British Food Journal, we expressed the hope that every British Scientific and Technical Society would take immediate steps to expel all foreign members who are to be numbered among the enemies of Great Britain and her Allies, and that each Society should pay special attention to the necessity of purging itself particularly from any existing German taint. Having stated that we were waiting to learn what had been done, or is to be done in this matter by such bodies as The Chemical Society, The Institute of Chemistry, The Society of Chemical Industry and the Royal Society— mentioning only a few of the institutions in whose lists of members the names of enemy aliens appear—we took occasion to point out that the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry, especially, were probably in need of drastic purification. Since that article was written it appears that the Council of the Chemical Society has taken the matter into consideration and, in this connection, we have been requested to publish two letters addressed to the President of the Society by one of its Fellows together with the President's reply. We comply with the request in view of the facts that the points raised by this correspondence are of public importance and that their application extends far beyond the mere question of a controversy within the narrow circle of a particular scientific body. COLONEL CASSAL, to whom we are indebted for supplying us with copies of the letters referred to, makes the following caustic remarks, with which we fully agree, in a covering letter:—“It will perhaps hardly be credited, but the fact remains, that the Council of the Chemical Society of London, one of the oldest scientific bodies in this country, which, on that account, if, unfortunately, at present, on no other, may possibly be thought to be entitled to some sort of public respect— has refused to take the necessary steps to bring about the immediate expulsion of the alien‐enemy members of the Society, among whom it is practically certain that there are several persons who are acting as expert advisers to the German Government in regard to the use, by their hordes of criminals, of corrosive fluids and poisonous gases in contravention of the universally recognised laws of honourable warfare. It will be seen that in its futile endeavour to find an excuse for its failure to discharge a plain duty the Council has hopelessly stultified itself, and there can be no doubt that the vast majority of the Fellows of the Society will repudiate the ludicrous and self‐condemnatory resolution which, at one and the same time, brings contempt on the Society and ridicule on the Council.”

This study aims to investigate transition patterns originating from the confiscation of mafia-type firms, examining public administrations and nonprofit organizations' roles.

This study investigates the case of “Calcestruzzi Ericina Libera,” a firm located in Sicily and confiscated from the Mafia in 1996. The analysis covers an extended period (approximately 25 years).

The empirical analysis documents the pivotal role of informal networks, comprising public administrations and nonprofit organizations. Confiscation processes are successful if transition management strategies are governed through a network and a collaborative approach is followed after the confiscation to support the firm.

Mafia-type firms have been examined academically from different perspectives, but few studies have focused on the steps taken after their confiscation.

There is a national shortage of teachers of color; only 21% of teachers are from an underrepresented group (16% Black and/or Latinx), while 79% are White (National Center for Educational Statistics [NCES], 2019). While there are not a lot of teachers of color in today's classrooms, there is an even lower number of Black male teachers (approximately 2%) (NCES, 2022). These percentages do not mirror the K-12 student population, with 52% identifying as a student of color (NCES, 2019). Research informs us that having teachers of color, such as a Black male yields academic success, decreases suspension rates, increases college matriculation, and provides representation of positive role models for the K-12 students of color as well as White students (AACTE, 2019; Carter-Andrews et al., 2019). Teacher Preparation Programs must implement culturally responsive strategies to recruit and retain Black males into teaching. This chapter will share effective practices for recruiting, retaining, and advising Black male preservice teachers.

The purpose of this paper is to show how a new academic library works.

The author used statistical data and anecdotal evidence.

The findings were that digital library materials have dramatically changed how libraries operate.

The library featured in this story is the University of Calgary’s main library which is called the Taylor Family Digital Library, which is meant to be a library with digital technology as its main focus.

The purpose of this paper is to focus on major issues involved in setting up a digital library, with special attention given to the University of Calgary’s new Taylor Family Digital Library, which was started in 2006 and completed in 2011 at a cost of $203 million.

The paper will begin with a description of the targeted users. It will discuss user expectations for the digital library, which are often focused on the distributive function of the library to provide rapid and easy access to resources such as licensed e-journals and e-books. It will then explore issues related to the productive function, the digitization of collections. Finally, the paper will address the question: what purposes does digitization of collections serve?

Although digital materials are becoming more popular with university library users, university libraries are not yet ready to abandon print library materials altogether for a wide variety of reasons.

This is a case study of a library that claims to be unique: a university library which is truly digital in nature.