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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1999

Bel G. Raggad and Michael L. Gargano

Unlike other computer‐based information systems, expert systems (ES) are characterized by the satisficing and conservative behavior of their users. Shows that the learning curve…

2389

Abstract

Unlike other computer‐based information systems, expert systems (ES) are characterized by the satisficing and conservative behavior of their users. Shows that the learning curve may be used to model user dependency on ES technology. Even though user dependency relates to ES quality control parameters (for example, Raggad’s 13 ES quality attributes) only dynamic or late binding features really affect ES dependency: ES learning capability and ES recommendation anticipation. There is hence a learning race between the system and the user. If user learning prevails, then there will be user defection. If system learning prevails, then there will be system perfection. Proposes failure analysis based on user defection due to the absence or underutilization of machine learning. ES owners can adopt this model to design a subsystem capable of transforming user defection analysis into a strategic plan for ES management.

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Logistics Information Management, vol. 12 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-6053

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2000

Bel G. Raggad

Proposes a possibilistic group support system (PGSS) for the retailer pricing and inventory problem when possibilistic fluctuations of product parameters are controlled by a set…

825

Abstract

Proposes a possibilistic group support system (PGSS) for the retailer pricing and inventory problem when possibilistic fluctuations of product parameters are controlled by a set of possibilistic optimality conditions. Experts in various functional areas convey their subjective judgement to the PGSS in the form of analytical models (for product parameters estimation), fuzzy concepts (facts), and possibilistic propositions (for validation and choice procedures). Basic probability assignments are used to elicit experts’ opinions. They are then transformed into compatibility functions for fuzzy concepts using the falling shadow technique. Evidence is processed in the form of fuzzy concepts, then is rewritten back to basic probability assignments using the principle of least ignorance on randomness. The PGSS allows the user (inventory control) to examine a trade‐off between the belief value of a greater profit and a lower amount of randomness associated with it.

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Logistics Information Management, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-6053

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1999

Michael L. Gargano and Bel G. Raggad

Data mining can discover information hidden within valuable data assets. Knowledge discovery, using advanced information technologies, can uncover veins of surprising, golden…

6620

Abstract

Data mining can discover information hidden within valuable data assets. Knowledge discovery, using advanced information technologies, can uncover veins of surprising, golden insights in a mountain of factual data. Data mining consists of a panoply of powerful tools which are intuitive, easy to explain, understandable, and simple to use. These advanced information technologies include artificial intelligence methods (e.g. expert systems, fuzzy logic, etc.), decision trees, rule induction methods, genetic algorithms and genetic programming, neural networks (e.g. backpropagation, associate memories, etc.), and clustering techniques. The synergy created between data warehousing and data mining allows knowledge seekers to leverage their massive data assets, thus improving the quality and effectiveness of their decisions. The growing requirements for data mining and real time analysis of information will be a driving force in the development of new data warehouse architectures and methods and, conversely, the development of new data mining methods and applications.

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OCLC Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1065-075X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1997

Bel G. Raggad

Explains that information technology (IT) applications, especially as reinforcer of competitive advantage, has received prodigious attention. Despite a generous coverage of…

6017

Abstract

Explains that information technology (IT) applications, especially as reinforcer of competitive advantage, has received prodigious attention. Despite a generous coverage of information systems (IS) concepts, there is still a clear communication gap between line managers and IS managers that is harming the gain of strategic advantage. The lack of understanding between line managers and information specialists can create serious conflicts in interpreting corporate goals and strategic objectives. Presents an easy and user‐friendly organization of fundamental IS concepts in order to promote a higher level of communication between the two groups and produce a finer alignment of IT strategy and overall corporate strategy.

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Logistics Information Management, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-6053

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1995

Abdalla F. Hayajneh and Bel G. Raggad

This study examines and analyzes the relationship between certain organizational variables and technology in certain manufacturing organizations in Jordan. The results of this…

144

Abstract

This study examines and analyzes the relationship between certain organizational variables and technology in certain manufacturing organizations in Jordan. The results of this study indicate that there are positive significant relationships between selected organizational variables (profit margin, management efficiency, organizational age, and organizational size) and technology in the surveyed organizations. While there is a negative significant relationship between the rank of the organization and technology, this study does not confirm any relationship between the organizational ownership type and technology.

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International Journal of Commerce and Management, vol. 5 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1056-9219

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1997

Bel G. Raggad

Using a decision support system (DSS) delays the decision‐making process and commits the user to the cost of invoking the system. The existing configurations of decision support…

3425

Abstract

Using a decision support system (DSS) delays the decision‐making process and commits the user to the cost of invoking the system. The existing configurations of decision support systems do not guarantee the profitability of the DSS. If the DSS generates messages that the decision maker can anticipate, then the cost and waiting time as a result of invoking the DSS will not be justified. Proposes a decision support system equipped with a knowledge‐based model that tells the decision maker, prior to invoking the DSS, whether or not it is profitable to invoke the DSS; if invoking the DSS is not profitable, then the decision maker will have to base the decision on pure managerial subjective judgement. Uses a numerical example to illustrate the work of the proposed DSS.

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Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 97 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1996

Bel G. Raggad

The adoption of a knowledge‐based system requires that users, experts and managers have good understanding of the concepts of information resource management (IRM) and knowledge…

1017

Abstract

The adoption of a knowledge‐based system requires that users, experts and managers have good understanding of the concepts of information resource management (IRM) and knowledge resource management (KRM). Proposes a KRM concept which aims to organize knowledge, ensure a global control of conceptual resources and reduce heterogeneity of knowledge. Uses the neural network technology to integrate both the IRM and KRM concepts through the generation of neural decision support. Such a technology will not only help users understand situations unknown to the organization’s knowledge‐based systems but also more efficiently to access stored knowledge.

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Management Decision, vol. 34 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1996

Bel G. Raggad

Examines the effects of decision unstructuralness (unstructuredness + noisiness) on decision‐support systems (DSS) adoption. Suggests that end‐users are sensitive to…

1375

Abstract

Examines the effects of decision unstructuralness (unstructuredness + noisiness) on decision‐support systems (DSS) adoption. Suggests that end‐users are sensitive to “unstructuralness” when they select a decision support approach. Problem structuring at the intelligence phase generates the first signal about DSS usefulness. If this signal is in favour of DSS, the manager either immediately adopts the DSS, or performs problem solving at the design phase. At this phase a new signal will be generated thus, confirming or denying DSS usefulness. This confirms that problem structuring prevails in making the DSS adoption decision. That is, in making the DSS adoption decision, priority is given to problem structuring in the intelligence phase.

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Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 96 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1998

Hagen F. Abdalla, Ahmed S. Maghrabi and Bel G. Raggad

This empirical study identifies, examines, and compares the perceptions of HRMs in selected organizations in one developed country (the USA) and one less‐developed country…

5403

Abstract

This empirical study identifies, examines, and compares the perceptions of HRMs in selected organizations in one developed country (the USA) and one less‐developed country (Jordan) toward arguments supporting nepotism. It also identifies, examines, and compares the perceptions of these HRMs toward arguments against nepotism in these two countries. The results of this study indicate that few HRMs in each country have agreed with arguments supporting nepotism. In contrast, many of these HRMs have agreed with arguments against nepotism. While there are differences between the perceptions of US and Jordanian HRMs toward arguments for and against nepotism, these differences are not significant.

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International Journal of Manpower, vol. 19 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2005

Robert C. Moussetis, Ali Abu Rahma and George Nakos

This paper examined the relationships between national culture and strategic behavior in the banking industry in Jordan and U.S. The study first developed a strategic posture and…

58

Abstract

This paper examined the relationships between national culture and strategic behavior in the banking industry in Jordan and U.S. The study first developed a strategic posture and secondly a cultural profile for the top management of the research domain. The strategic posture suggested the readiness for strategic response from managers. The degree of readiness was correlated with the constructed cultural profile of the managers and financial performance of the banks. The study found significant relationships between certain national cultural strategic characteristics, (risk propensity, time orientation, and openness to change, uncertainty avoidance and managerial perception of control over the environment) strategic behavior and financial performance.

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Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1059-5422

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