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Owing to the limitations of traditional infectious disease dynamic systems in accurately encapsulating the nuances of China’s dynamic epidemic prevention policies and considering the varying sensitivity of local governments to the unfolding of public health emergencies (PHEs), this paper introduces a novel infectious disease dynamic system.

This system, rooted in the distinct characteristics of infectious diseases and nuanced prevention and control measures, leverages a learning model for enhanced precision. It intricately incorporates factors such as the infectivity in sealed and controlled areas and the role of asymptomatic patients, thereby refining the dynamics of isolation, sealing, control and the transition from asymptomatic to confirmed cases. Employing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter estimation approach significantly augments the accuracy in pinpointing the valid parameters of disease spread. Empirical analysis was meticulously carried out, using data from the Shanghai epidemic from 1 Mar 2022 to 1 Jul 2022.

This analysis not only illuminates the profound impact of control efforts on the trajectory of the epidemic but also underscores the pivotal role of social distancing in curbing the rapid transmission of infectious diseases. Furthermore, it reveals that an accelerated detection rate during the swift spread and peak of the epidemic paradoxically leads to a surge in confirmed cases and a consequent strain on medical resources, thereby impeding the pace of medical intervention.

A stage-wise dissection of the Shanghai epidemic and comparative analyses against the evolution profiles in ASEAN countries elucidates the five stages of PHE risk evolution in alignment with the crisis lifecycle theory. These stages encompass hidden transmission, multi-point dissemination, multi-chain parallelism, rapid spread, fluctuation rebound and multi-community spread, each presenting unique challenges and dynamics in the control and management of the epidemic.

As to different angles of attack and nonlinear problems caused by high temperatures in coexisting hypersonic aircraft, people mainly rely on fluid software for research but lack analysis of flow mechanisms. Owing to computational difficulties, few people use numerical algorithms to combine them for discussion. Hence, this study aims to make a deep inquiry into the laminar flow and heat transfer of compressible Newtonian fluid in hypersonic aircraft with small attack angles.

In this paper, on the basis of mass, momentum and energy conservation laws, the governing equations of the hypersonic boundary layer are established. Viscosity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity are considered nonlinear functions concerning temperature. In virtue of the MacCormack finite difference method, the stationary numerical solutions are solved directly, and the validity of the algorithm is verified.

The results demonstrate that at Mach number 5, compared to the 0° attack angle, the maximum temperature near-wall at the 3° attack angle increases by about 25%. An enjoyable phenomenon is discovered, where the position corresponding to the maximum wall shear force shifts back as the attack angle and Mach number increase. The relationship between the near-wall maximum temperature versus attack angle and Mach number is fitted through numerical calculation results.

Empirical formulas can be used to estimate heat transfer characteristics at small attack angles, which will guide the design of aircraft thermal protection systems.