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In this article the author makes a plea for training officers to consider the importance of human encounters in the work situation. He calls attention to the need to train managers and others to develop the necessary skills. The author sees the encounter almost as a unit of production in the human field. The question is often asked, ‘How can I start operations in training in the human resources field?’ Bill Agnew's suggestion is ‘By bringing the management group to a study of encounters’. Used imaginatively this simple approach could open the door and create the demand for a more sophisticated follow‐up to exploit the more advanced concepts developed by the behavioural scientists.

Operation Phoenix is conceived on a grand scale. It is complex, multi‐dimensional, affecting the wholeof world society at macro‐level and yet dependent on individual change. It is about change at the grass roots. Quality Circles are in the grass roots. The supervisor and workers sit down together voluntarily to pick and solve one of their work problems. The idea is elegant in its simplicity, but mind‐blowing in terms of the normal management philosophy which specialises tasks and isolates people in little boxes to carry them out. It is subversive in terms of the organisation structure which tries to separate power and knowledge from work, and preserve them for the top echelons. It works within the old society and prepares for the new. It is, to this extent, a creature of the Threshold.

It is difficult today, after a decade which has seen the introduction of the 35 hour week, when people spend more time at recreation than at work; and when as a result of these developments there has been a substantial growth in interest in leisure and its uses, to realise the difficulties which must have faced the pioneers of nineteenth century public library service in establishing a service which was accessible to its intended clientele, the working class; in particular the difficulty of establishing adequate opening hours. Today because of changing economic and social circumstances there has been a tendency to curtail the opening hours of libraries. While this has been done with some reluctance in most cases, it has been accompanied by very little discussion of its impact on library services and the users of those services. Historically the problem of opening hours for public libraries has been very little discussed. The general tendency has been to dismiss the matter as a very minor problem. Allred for example writes These libraries were soon opened at hours convenient to the working man.

John Nance Garner, twice Franklin Roosevelt's Vice‐President, came to the conclusion that ‘the vice‐presidency isn't worth a pitcher of warm spit’. At least, that is the way his remark is recorded by scholars, though anyone who knew the sage of Uvalde, Texas, will believe that his turn of phrase was probably more basic.

Enumerates the origins and early development of outdoor advertising in the USA, stating that in early times (pre‐newspapers) most signs or symbols over shops, or handbills, were copied from the UK. Goes on to identify the areas and years that newspapers began to appear and make an impression, and gives breakdowns of how and where they started and grew to become formidable forces in the media‐starved years back then. Furthers the point that outdoor advertising in the USA evolved at a similar, but much slower, pace than in the UK. Posits that large circuses had an impact with regard to outdoor advertising and in particular Phineas Taylor Barnum, who was the first to use large illustrated posters for effect, and this soon caught on.

In order to succeed in an action under the Equal Pay Act 1970, should the woman and the man be employed by the same employer on like work at the same time or would the woman still be covered by the Act if she were employed on like work in succession to the man? This is the question which had to be solved in Macarthys Ltd v. Smith. Unfortunately it was not. Their Lordships interpreted the relevant section in different ways and since Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome was also subject to different interpretations, the case has been referred to the European Court of Justice.

This chapter harnesses Western conceptions of justice, traditional justifications of social control, and existing social inequalities to frame and fully understand the racial and ethnic disparities which constitute the U.S. juvenile justice system.

Juvenile justice system disparities are framed within the theoretical contexts of Western conceptions of justice, traditional justifications of social control, and social inequality. The chapter’s perspective is based on these concepts of justice, social control justifications, and evidence from scholarly research on juvenile justice system disparities.

Overall, the U.S. juvenile justice system’s racial and ethnic disparities violate fundamental concepts of justice, traditional justifications of social control, and exacerbate existing social inequalities.

Through its utilization of Western conceptions of justice and social control justifications, this chapter offers a relatively unique framework for the examination of the U.S. juvenile justice system’s racial and ethnic disparities. While recognizing the overall quality and significance of disparities research, the chapter asks the reader to take a step back, and look at and think about the broader justice and inequality contexts.

Talking of newspapers Charles Prestwick Scott said “At the peril of its soul it must see that the supply is not tainted. Neither in what it gives, nor in what it does not give, nor in the mode of presentation, must the unclouded face of truth suffer wrong. Comment is free but facts are sacred.” The aim of this monograph is to adhere as closely as is possible to Mr Scott's opinion. As far as the facts of the proposed legislation are concerned, these will of course be untainted; the commentary which follows from these facts however, being free, proposes to examine and analyse the untainted factual supply.

President Bill Clinton has had many opponents and enemies, most of whom come from the political right wing. Clinton supporters contend that these opponents, throughout the Clinton presidency, systematically have sought to undermine this president with the goal of bringing down his presidency and running him out of office; and that they have sought non‐electoral means to remove him from office, including Travelgate, the death of Deputy White House Counsel Vincent Foster, the Filegate controversy, and the Monica Lewinsky matter. This bibliography identifies these and other means by presenting citations about these individuals and organizations that have opposed Clinton. The bibliography is divided into five sections: General; “The conspiracy stream of conspiracy commerce”, a White House‐produced “report” presenting its view of a right‐wing conspiracy against the Clinton presidency; Funding; Conservative organizations; and Publishing/media. Many of the annotations note the links among these key players.

Research on relational maintenance of long-distance or cross-residential romantic relationships is limited. Moreover, relatively little is known about relational maintenance among non-marital intimate partners in later life, many of whom prefer to live-apart-together (LAT) rather than cohabit. This research paper examines how older adults from the United States maintain their romantic relationships across residences. The authors conducted a grounded theory study drawing on interviews collected from 22 older adults in LAT relationships. The data revealed that older LAT partners engage in a process of safeguarding autonomy to maintain their partnerships and relationship satisfaction. Two broad strategies were identified: upholding separateness and reshaping expectations. While safeguarding autonomy was paramount, participants also emphasized the importance of having a flexible mindset about the physical copresence of their relationships. The findings have implications for practice, suggesting that creating an interdependent couple-identity may undermine, or at least have little bearing on, the relationship stability of older LAT couples. Future research is needed to determine how LAT experiences among racially/ethnically or socioeconomically diverse samples might differ.