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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2010

Naveen V Padaki, R. Alagirusamy, B.L. Deopura and R. Fangueiro

The simulation of resin flow during the resin transfer molding (RTM) process through multilayered textile fabric of known permeability and porosity has been attempted in this…

47

Abstract

The simulation of resin flow during the resin transfer molding (RTM) process through multilayered textile fabric of known permeability and porosity has been attempted in this study. A simple three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model has been developed and the results of the simulation are compared with the experimental RTM resin flow through multilayer interlocked woven structures. A multiphase simulation model is observed to reasonably predict the time for RTM mold filling. Fabric structural influence in terms of an Interlacement Index (I) has significant influence on the resin flow behaviour of the multilayered preform. A higher I of the preform means a longer time to fill the mold in both the experimental and simulated results. Images of the simulated flow front has been compared with the experimental results and it is observed that not only the mold filling time, but also the area of resin flow in the multilayer perform, is influenced by a fabric structural factor, I.

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Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1991

S. Swarup

The esterified maleic and fumaric resins have been studied by X‐ray diffraction. Their diffraction halos have been subjected to a Fourier analysis for the first time and the…

37

Abstract

The esterified maleic and fumaric resins have been studied by X‐ray diffraction. Their diffraction halos have been subjected to a Fourier analysis for the first time and the physical parameters like particle size, percentage crystallanity and electrondensity fluctuations along the length of the polymer molecule have been evaluate out by standard methods. The results indicate that the two resins are isomeric in nature. This conclusion is further supported by a measurement of the variation in ultrasonic velocity with concentration in xylene solutions of these resins.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 20 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1990

S. Swamp

The X‐ray diffraction patterns of epoxy resins: four samples with different epoxide equivalents and coal‐tar blended epoxy resins: three samples with different epoxide equivalents…

88

Abstract

The X‐ray diffraction patterns of epoxy resins: four samples with different epoxide equivalents and coal‐tar blended epoxy resins: three samples with different epoxide equivalents were recorded using CuKa X‐ray radiation. These X‐ray diffraction patterns were indicating the amorphous nature of the resins. Their intensity curves were subjected to Fourier Analysis for the first time in order to get more information about the difference between epoxy and coal‐tar blended epoxy resins in terms of their internal structure such as particle size, percentage crystallanity and electron density fluctuations. Also, the effect of different epoxide equivalent on these physical parameters was interpreted successfully in epoxy as well as coal‐tar blended epoxy resins.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 19 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 3 October 2016

Marialuigia Raimondo, Felice De Nicola, Ruggero Volponi, Wolfgang Binder, Philipp Michael, Salvatore Russo and Liberata Guadagno

The purpose of this paper is to describe the first experiments to manufacture self-healing carbon fiber reinforced panels (CFRPs) for the realization of structural aeronautic…

438

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the first experiments to manufacture self-healing carbon fiber reinforced panels (CFRPs) for the realization of structural aeronautic components in order to address their vulnerability to impact damage in the real service conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed self-healing system is based on ring-opening metathesis polymerizations reaction of microencapsulated 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene/dicyclopentadiene cyclic olefins using Hoveyda-Grubbs’ first generation catalyst as initiator. In this work, the self-healing resin is infused into a carbon fiber dry preform using an unconventional bulk film infusion technique that has allowed to minimize the filtration effects via a better compaction and reduced resin flow paths. Infrared spectroscopy provides a useful way to identify metathesis products and therefore catalyst activity in the self-healing panel after damage. The damage resistance of the manufactured CFRPs is evaluated through hail and drop tests.

Findings

The self-healing manufactured panels show, after damage, catalyst activity with metathesis product formation, as evidenced by an infrared peak at 966 cm−1. The damage response of CFRPs, detected in accord to the requirements of hail impact for the design of a fuselage in composite material, is very good. The results are very encouraging and can constitute a solid basis for bringing this new technology to the self-healable fiber reinforced resins for aerospace applications.

Originality/value

In this paper, autonomically healing CFRPs with damage resistance and self-healing function are proposed. In the development of self-healing aeronautic materials it is critical that self-healing activity functions in adverse weather conditions and at low working temperatures which can reach values as low as −50°C.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 7 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

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Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 2 August 2021

Modupeola Dada, Patricia Popoola and Ntombi Mathe

This study aims to review the recent advancements in high entropy alloys (HEAs) called high entropy materials, including high entropy superalloys which are current potential…

2145

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to review the recent advancements in high entropy alloys (HEAs) called high entropy materials, including high entropy superalloys which are current potential alternatives to nickel superalloys for gas turbine applications. Understandings of the laser surface modification techniques of the HEA are discussed whilst future recommendations and remedies to manufacturing challenges via laser are outlined.

Design/methodology/approach

Materials used for high-pressure gas turbine engine applications must be able to withstand severe environmentally induced degradation, mechanical, thermal loads and general extreme conditions caused by hot corrosive gases, high-temperature oxidation and stress. Over the years, Nickel-based superalloys with elevated temperature rupture and creep resistance, excellent lifetime expectancy and solution strengthening L12 and γ´ precipitate used for turbine engine applications. However, the superalloy’s density, low creep strength, poor thermal conductivity, difficulty in machining and low fatigue resistance demands the innovation of new advanced materials.

Findings

HEAs is one of the most frequently investigated advanced materials, attributed to their configurational complexity and properties reported to exceed conventional materials. Thus, owing to their characteristic feature of the high entropy effect, several other materials have emerged to become potential solutions for several functional and structural applications in the aerospace industry. In a previous study, research contributions show that defects are associated with conventional manufacturing processes of HEAs; therefore, this study investigates new advances in the laser-based manufacturing and surface modification techniques of HEA.

Research limitations/implications

The AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEA system, particularly the Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi HEA has been extensively studied, attributed to its mechanical and physical properties exceeding that of pure metals for aerospace turbine engine applications and the advances in the fabrication and surface modification processes of the alloy was outlined to show the latest developments focusing only on laser-based manufacturing processing due to its many advantages.

Originality/value

It is evident that high entropy materials are a potential innovative alternative to conventional superalloys for turbine engine applications via laser additive manufacturing.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 31 July 2024

Mohammad Irfan, Aiqin Gao and Aiqin Hou

Reactive dyes are believed to have great potential for nylon dyeing, but these anionic dyes tend to rush toward the nylon at the beginning of the process, resulting in uneven…

30

Abstract

Purpose

Reactive dyes are believed to have great potential for nylon dyeing, but these anionic dyes tend to rush toward the nylon at the beginning of the process, resulting in uneven dyeing. Achieving uniformity gets even harder when the dyeing is performed under exposure to eco-friendly technique microwave irradiations. This study aims to achieve rapid and homogenous results by intermittent shaking and non-continuous exposure to microwave.

Design/methodology/approach

A set of reactive red dyes, based on the same chromophore and different substituents in the auxochrome part, was applied to the nylon fabric without any leveling agent. A series of experiments were designed to investigate the effect of different dye structures, exhaustion pH, liquor ratio, exhaustion time and fixation time to obtain an optimum recipe under the microwave dyeing technique.

Findings

Dyeing performance was characterized based on the color strength, exhaustion and fixation percentages and color fastness values. The characterization showed that better results can be achieved at a liquor ratio of 1:15 at exhaustion pH 2.7 which is also the isoelectric point of nylon, with 5.5 to 7 min of exhaustion and 6 to 8 min of fixation time for different dyes. Microwave dyed samples secured higher color strength values and provided better exhaustion and fixation than the conventional dye samples. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction results verified that there was no considerable difference in the morphological structure of nylon with microwave exposure.

Originality/value

An applied technique is disclosed in this work to achieve uniform dyeing on nylon 66 with reactive dyes without any leveling agent under exposure to eco-friendly rapid heating microwave irradiations.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 20 October 2021

Doaa H. Elgohary, Tamer F. Khalifa, Mona M. Salem, Nermin M. Aly, Elham Hassan and Ashraf A. Shamaa

The purpose of this work is to perform an application study on experimental animals (dogs) to investigate the efficiency of using weft knitted mesh fabric as cardiac support mesh…

131

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to perform an application study on experimental animals (dogs) to investigate the efficiency of using weft knitted mesh fabric as cardiac support mesh to support left ventricular hypertrophy.

Design/methodology/approach

In this work, weft-knitted mesh sample “Knitted Cardiac Support Mesh” manufactured using Nylon (6, 6) yarns, with count 20 Denier and medium mesh size, was placed around the two ventricles to prevent further dilatation, support and reduce left ventricular wall stress.

Findings

Medical textile is a rapidly expanding field in technical textiles that are widely used in a variety of medical applications. One of these medical textile applications is “Knitted Cardiac Support Mesh”, which is used in the treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Originality/value

After the implantation of the manufactured Knitted Cardiac Support Mesh around the myocardium, all dogs survived for three months before being euthanized, and some clinical examinations were performed to investigate and evaluate the sample performance. It was demonstrated from the experimental application, that the nylon mesh sample performed the best during the surgical operation due to its good ability to stretch and recover at a moderate rate, as well as the textile mesh lightweight.

Details

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 26 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

Keywords

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