Ben Spencer, Tim Jones, Juliet Carpenter and Sue Brownill
This chapter explores the potential for involving the public in planning healthy urban mobility using a case study of two neighbourhoods in Oxford, UK. We draw specifically on…
Abstract
This chapter explores the potential for involving the public in planning healthy urban mobility using a case study of two neighbourhoods in Oxford, UK. We draw specifically on lessons learned from the UK case of a large-scale international study entitled Healthy Urban Mobility (HUM). The HUM project was based on the need to address health inequalities within urban areas by implementing new approaches to planning and health that use novel research methods to encourage active dialogue with a wide range of stakeholders. The two principal objectives of the research were firstly, to understand the impact of everyday (im)mobility on health and wellbeing within different social groups, and secondly, to explore the potential for participatory mobilities planning with local communities to support and develop solutions for healthy urban mobility.
The chapter is organised into six parts. Following the introduction, we highlight the theories behind the need for public participation in urban mobility planning and calls for active dialogue and mutual learning between practitioners and communities for effective action on improving urban health. Then in the third and fourth parts, we provide an overview of the approach to participatory mobilities planning with local communities in the UK as part of the HUM project. In the fifth part, we report the outcomes of the project and critically reflect on the overall approach and lessons learned that may be of use to practitioners and communities. Finally, we conclude with the significance of the study and implications for public participation in planning healthy urban mobility. The research demonstrates the significant potential of participatory methods in transport infrastructure project but also highlights the complexities of public engagement and points to the need for a continual, long-term process to build trust between partners.
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Leslie Monplaisir, Christopher Malikane and Kalu Ojah
We study the performance attributes of an international production form that is designed for success in an increasingly global marketplace‐global product design and development…
Abstract
We study the performance attributes of an international production form that is designed for success in an increasingly global marketplace‐global product design and development. We find that firms elicit higher returns from their global product development when they compete in strategic complements than when they compete in strategic substitutes. These firms are most likely to compete in strategic complements if they have higher free cash flows, but are most likely to compete in strategic substitutes if they are more dominant in their industry. Importantly, global product development reduces cost largely via variable cost reduction. Moreover, we find that global product development contributes to the firm’s growth potential when pursued in conjunction with high multinationalism, aggressive competitive strategy, and high cost saving.
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Shoou-Rong Tsai, Pan-Long Tsai and Yungho Weng
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the optimal policy settings of the home government for any combination of strategic variables adopted by home and foreign firms under…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the optimal policy settings of the home government for any combination of strategic variables adopted by home and foreign firms under Brander and Spencer’s third-market model framework.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper follows all the assumptions of Brander and Spencer with only two modifications: firms produce differentiated products, and firms choose different strategic variables. A two-stage game is set and the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium is deduced following backward induction.
Findings
The authors arrive at a general, simple rule to determine the optimal policy of the home government for any combination of strategic variables: regardless of the strategic variable of the domestic firm, the optimal policy of the home country is an export subsidy (tax) as long as the foreign firm’s strategic variable is output (price). The optimal subsidy or tax of the home country is shown to move the equilibrium to the Stackelberg equilibrium where the domestic firm behaves as the leader while the foreign firm behaves as a follower under free trade. With appropriate interpretations and a suitable caveat, the above results still hold in the case with multiple foreign firms which may choose different strategic variables.
Originality/value
This paper fills the gap in the literature, and provides some more general results not easily detected in the original model of Brander and Spencer or Eaton and Grossman.
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Madhabendra Sinha, Abhijit Dutta and Partha Mukhopadhyay
During the post-globalization period, tariff imposition on manufacturing trade has a possible effect on the economy of developed and developing nations. Along with the volume and…
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During the post-globalization period, tariff imposition on manufacturing trade has a possible effect on the economy of developed and developing nations. Along with the volume and balance of trade, the study accounts for both export and import separately in order to observe their dynamisms under the tariff regime and makes comparisons between developing and developed countries. Using the World Development Indicators and World Integrated Trade Solution databases of World Bank (2020) on China (developing nation) and the United States (developed nation) over the period of 1970–2019, the co-integration tests and thereafter vector error correction models indicate that the relationship between tariff and manufacturing trade is positive and statistically significant.
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Gerard P. Hodgkinson, Kristian J. Sund and Robert J. Galavan
This book comprises the second volume in the recently launched New Horizons in Managerial and Organizational Cognition book series. Volume 1 (Sund, Galavan, & Huff, 2016)…
Abstract
This book comprises the second volume in the recently launched New Horizons in Managerial and Organizational Cognition book series. Volume 1 (Sund, Galavan, & Huff, 2016), addressed the topic of strategic uncertainty. This second volume comprises a collection of contributions that variously report new methodological developments in managerial and organizational cognition, reflect critically on those developments, and consider the challenges that have yet to be confronted in order to further advance this exciting and dynamic interdisciplinary field. Contextualizing within an overarching framework the various contributions selected for inclusion in the present volume, in this opening chapter we reflect more broadly on what we consider the most significant developments that have occurred over recent years and the most significant challenges that lie ahead.
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Barrie O. Pettman and Richard Dobbins
This issue is a selected bibliography covering the subject of leadership.
Abstract
This issue is a selected bibliography covering the subject of leadership.
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Aparna Gupta and Chaipal Lawsirirat
This article aims to analyze strategically optimal maintenance actions for a multi‐component system whose deterioration is observed through a monitoring system set in place to…
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to analyze strategically optimal maintenance actions for a multi‐component system whose deterioration is observed through a monitoring system set in place to support condition‐based maintenance.
Design/methodology/approach
Deterioration of a multi‐component system is modeled by a continuous‐time jump diffusion model which incorporates interaction between the components of the system. A simulation‐based optimization heuristic is developed to obtain strategically optimum maintenance actions. The methodology is applied to an illustrative example.
Findings
The article finds that the framework facilitates analyzing at a strategic level the role of degree of response to the deterioration of components for the overall functionality of a multi‐component system. The optimal solution for the illustrative example recommends a provider to perform a variety of opportunistic maintenance.
Practical implications
In this article, a framework is developed to determine strategically optimal maintenance actions for a multi‐component system whose deterioration is observed in real‐time through embedded monitoring units set in place to support condition‐based maintenance (CBM). The framework facilitates analyzing at a strategic level the role of degree of response to the deterioration of components for the overall functionality of a multi‐component system. A strategically optimal maintenance policy can then be enhanced to develop a detailed tactical maintenance strategy. This approach is expected to benefit the management of long‐term service agreements, where a service contract is sold bundled with a product, which makes a provider responsible for maintaining the product over a specified contract period.
Originality/value
Besides a tactical approach for performing maintenance, in order to stay profitable in the long‐run, a decision maker needs to assess the strategic performance of maintenance strategies adopted. This framework is a first attempt to facilitate this analysis at a strategic level for a monitoring‐enabled multi‐component system.
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David Greenaway and Chris Milner
The distinction between nominal and effective tariffs (or protection) is well established in the theoretical literature, albeit in the context of the traditional analysis of…
Abstract
The distinction between nominal and effective tariffs (or protection) is well established in the theoretical literature, albeit in the context of the traditional analysis of inter‐industry trade flows. This analysis is based upon assumptions such as product and production homogeneity, non‐increasing returns, armslength trade, and small open economy country conditions. Relaxation of some or all of these assumptions has direct implications for effective protection analysis under any type of trade flows. As is now widely recognised, however, relaxation of these assumptions is also likely to be associated with intra‐industry specialisation and exchange. It is to this wider issue of effective protection analysis in the context of “within‐industry” specialisation (vertical and/or horizontal) and of two‐way trade, that this paper is addressed.