Z.P. WANG, D.R. HAYHURST, B.A. BILBY and I.C. HOWARD
Two non‐linear finite element programs have been restructured by using vectorization techniques in order to run efficiently on the Cray X‐MP/416. One of them has also been…
Abstract
Two non‐linear finite element programs have been restructured by using vectorization techniques in order to run efficiently on the Cray X‐MP/416. One of them has also been multi‐tasked to take advantage of the four processors of the machine. The techniques used in restructuring the software are discussed, and it is shown that each program must be treated individually. The resulting speed enhancements are shown to be program dependent, with a speed‐up of approximately 20 being achieved with one of the programs.
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Amara Mouna, Fatima Zahra Khedim, Hadjer Didouh, Hayet Tati, Lamsadfa Sidamar, Mohammed Hadj Meliani and Rami K. Suleiman
It is now well-known in the fracture-mechanics community that a single fracture parameter alone may not be adequate to describe crack-tip condition. To address this problem, there…
Abstract
Purpose
It is now well-known in the fracture-mechanics community that a single fracture parameter alone may not be adequate to describe crack-tip condition. To address this problem, there has been a recent surge of interest in crack-growth behaviour under conditions of low crack-tip stress triaxiality. This paper exploited the K-A3 crack approach, which was derived from a rigorous asymptotic solution and has been developed for a two-parameter fracture.
Design/methodology/approach
The material failure curve or master curve, has been established as a result of the notched specimen tests. It was shown that the notch fracture toughness is a linear decreasing function of the stress. The use of the material failure curve to predict fracture conditions was demonstrated on gas pipes with the longitudinal surface notch.
Findings
No finding.
Originality/value
This approach requires that the constraint in the test specimen approximate that of the structure to provide an “effective” toughness for use in a structural integrity assessment. The appropriate constraint is achieved by matching thickness and crack depth between the specimen and structure.
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M.K. Banerjee, Inder Singh, P.S. Nag and K.P. Mukherjee
Introduction Plastic deformation of steel causes crystalline imperfections such as increased dislocation density, vacancies, cracks and microvoids which, in turn, influence…
Abstract
Introduction Plastic deformation of steel causes crystalline imperfections such as increased dislocation density, vacancies, cracks and microvoids which, in turn, influence dissolution and transport of hydrogen in traps. The increased dislocation density and dislocation pile‐ups against cementile lamella or non‐metallic inclusions lead to microcrack formation. The dislocation pile‐ups are mobile under stress. Transport of hydrogen by dislocation under stress can be expected but the temperature should be neither so high as to force the hydrogen to leave the dislocation sites nor so low that the hydrogen cannot diffuse into the dislocation sites.
Cheryl Canning and Steven Buchanan
This chapter explores the role of cultural activity within prison libraries for not only the general wellbeing of prisoners, but also as a form of indirect intervention for…
Abstract
This chapter explores the role of cultural activity within prison libraries for not only the general wellbeing of prisoners, but also as a form of indirect intervention for addressing unrecognised and/or unaddressed information needs amongst prisoners; particularly important needs of a more sensitive nature often repressed (e.g. remorse, mental health, relationships). Drawing on research to date, the authors discuss the information needs of prisoners, the associated benefits of cultural activity for information need recognition and understanding, and the support role of the prison library; and in relation, identify opportunities for further development of the library as a key change agent in the progressive rehabilitation of prisoners.
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Rachel Hopley, Laura Caulfield and Andrew Jolly
There is evidence that music programmes can have a positive impact on people in contact with the criminal justice system. However, little attention has been paid to the potential…
Abstract
Purpose
There is evidence that music programmes can have a positive impact on people in contact with the criminal justice system. However, little attention has been paid to the potential role of music programmes as people leave prison and re-enter the community. Providing support for former prisoners “through-the-gate” is important to aid resettlement and reduce the risk of reoffending. This paper aims to present research on a programme called Sounding Out: a two-year, London-based programme providing ex-prisoners with longer-term rehabilitative opportunities upon their release to bridge the gap between life inside and outside of prison.
Design/methodology/approach
The study aimed to understand the impact of the Sounding Out programme on ex-prisoners from the perspective of participants, staff and family members. Semi-structured interviews took place with 17 people: ten participants across two Sounding Out projects; six members of staff – three from the Irene Taylor Trust, two musicians and one former prison worker; and one family member of a participant.
Findings
The research provides an understanding of the impact of involvement in a carefully designed programme of music creation, skills development and work placements. Thematic analysis of the data resulted in three key themes: personal impact, focus and direction and interpersonal relationships. The findings are consistent with the body of research that demonstrates the impact of music programmes on prisoners.
Originality/value
The current study adds to the relatively limited body of evidence on the role of music programmes in the reintegration of former prisoners into the community.
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The Daily Dispatch publishes a letter from “ One of the Guard” at a war camp, who writes as follows:—
David Peace’s Red Riding quartet (1974; 1977; 1980; 1983) was published in the UK between 1999 and 2002. The novels are an excoriating portrayal of the violences of men, focusing…
Abstract
Purpose
David Peace’s Red Riding quartet ( 1974; 1977; 1980; 1983 ) was published in the UK between 1999 and 2002. The novels are an excoriating portrayal of the violences of men, focusing on paedophilia and child murder, the hunt for the Yorkshire Ripper and, predominantly, the blurring of boundaries between the activities of police officers, criminals and entrepreneurs. This chapter aims to examine the way in which the criminal entrepreneur draws on socially constructed ideas of masculinity and the capitalist ideal in order to establish identity. This will be achieved through an examination of John Dawson, a character central to the UK Channel Four/Screen Yorkshire’s Red Riding Trilogy, the filmed version of the novels, first screened in 2009. The central role of networks of powerful men in creating space for the criminal entrepreneur and the cultural similarities between police officers and criminal entrepreneur will be explored.
Methodology/approach
Using the research approach of bricolage, the chapter provides a reflexive commentary on the films, drawing on a number of other texts and sources, including news accounts of featured events and interviews with the author David Peace and the series co-producer Jamie Nuttgens – an analysis of the texts, using a framework suggested by van Dijk (1993) and McKee (2003) features.
Findings
The centrality of the idea of hegemonic masculinity to the activities of both police officers, and criminals and businessmen and Hearn’s (2004) assertion that the cultural ideal and institutional power are inextricably linked are examined through an analysis of the role of Dawson (and his three linked characters in the novels) in the Red Riding Trilogy.
Research limitations/implications
The chapter provides an analysis of one film series but could provide a template to apply to other texts in relation to topic.
Social implications
The social implications of the findings of the research are discussed in relation to work on the impact of media representations (Dyer, 1993; Hall, 1997).
Original/value
It is intended that the chapter will add to the growing body of academic work on the criminal entrepreneur and the ways in which media representation of particular groups may impact on public perception and construction of social policy.
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Jayne Price, Dean Wilkinson and Charlene Crossley
This paper aims to explore young peoples’ authentic experiences of youth justice services (YJS) during the Covid-19 pandemic. By adopting the creative arts-based method of lyric…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore young peoples’ authentic experiences of youth justice services (YJS) during the Covid-19 pandemic. By adopting the creative arts-based method of lyric writing, the research team sought to empower participants through collaboration and participation and to facilitate them leading the narrative (Deakin et al., 2020).
Design/methodology/approach
This research adopted a creative arts-based method in which participants worked alongside an artist to generate lyrics that captured their experiences within YJS. Such an approach demonstrated a commitment to participatory, child-first approaches.
Findings
Two main themes were identified: identity and relationships. The young people vocalised resistance to frequent labelling and their ambitions to move away from past criminal identity and behaviour. Relationships with practitioners could be a source of frustration within this but were also highlighted as valuable and supportive.
Research limitations/implications
As data collection was remote, owing to the Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns, the opportunity to develop relationships with young people within the YJS prior to conducting the research was restricted. This approach may have also impacted recruitment of participants. The sessions presented short-term interventions and whilst follow-up sessions were offered, many did not take them up. Although the research sample is small and cannot be considered representative, it allows for a valuable insight into the experiences of young people at a particularly challenging time.
Practical implications
Upon receiving our findings and recommendations, the first YJS research site has sought to further embed a relationship-based practice model and greater creative/participatory socially prescribed psychosocial therapeutic interventions, including music groups and spoken word artists to work with children and young people.
Originality value
This research adds to the growing literature base surrounding creative arts-based research with children and young people for their value towards communication, pro-social identity and development.