Search results

The paper describes the University of Lancaster Library three‐tier book issue system which separates material into short, popular, and long loan categories. Issues are controlled by a library‐owned, Nova 1220, mini‐computer used in conjunction with the main University ICL 1905F computer. Edge‐punched cards (7″ × 2″) are used as book cards and standard, machine readable ID cards act as borrower badges. The Nova computer, which is on‐line, has been programmed in Assembler code and the ICL computer, used in batch mode, is programmed in Cobol. The computers are interfaced using ICL synchronous line communication protocol. Also described are the data collection units, the programs used, and the breakdown modes of operation.

The implications of the Single European Market for libraries and information services are considered with some examples of what is being done. After a general introduction to 1992, the Plan of Action for Libraries in the EC is considered and the library implications of the five Action Lines. The roles of European Documentation Centres, EC Depository Libraries, European Reference Centres; Euro Information Centres and online databases are considered, together with developments in co‐operation and also the human implications.

Tourism activity is a global industry and, as such, it is subject to global risks. International travel has developed exponentially over the last few decades. At the same time, diseases have increased their geographical spread influenced by ecologic, genetic and human factors. Currently, the increasing virus, epidemic and pandemic outbreaks represent some of the most negative consequences of globalization, causing deaths and significant economic losses due to the negative impacts they have on the tourism industry, one of the sectors that have been the most affected by health crises.

This work presents insights on the epidemics, pandemics and virus outbreaks that have occurred throughout the twenty-first century and how those occurrences have affected the tourism industry and the global economy. A brief literature review on health risks in tourism is presented, followed by a clinical perspective to help people understand the differences between endemics, outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics. Then, the study offers a presentation of the most significant pandemics in recent human history and a deep analysis of the COVID-19 disease. Finally, the effects that the different pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks that occurred in the present century had on tourism are explained, and the challenges tourism has to face are presented and discussed.

1. BLCMP has just published a document describing the Project's use of the MARC format:‐ BLCMP MARC Manual: input procedures for monographs cataloguing. With supplement: music and sound recordings. BLCMP, 1972. £1.50. ISBN 0 903154 03X. This is primarily an instruction manual for BLCMP staff but is likely to be of interest both to other MARC users and to those contemplating automation of cataloguing. The manual parallels the BNB MARC Documentation Service publication no.5; it describes the format for cataloguing monographs as it is applied by BLCMP, and shows how, on occasion, this differs from BNB practice. The format in use for serials cataloguing has already been described in MASS Working Paper no.1, 1970. In the United States the tendency appears to be for the Library of Congress to develop different, not necessarily compatible, formats for different media. In the UK, however, it is regarded as important, largely for economy of program development, that all media should conform to a basic format with extensions to it for special media. This is the case with the BLCMP cataloguing format for music and sound recordings and serials.

The spread of systems is traced from 1966, when two were operational, to the present time when there are at least 59. The options now available to a librarian contemplating the adoption of an automated loans system are discussed under the following headings: off‐line, on‐line, or hybrid?; source of computing power; data collection devices; book identification; borrower identification; involvement of bibliographic data; source of software. Local considerations and constraints which might affect each decision are pointed out.

Older adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) have put growing demands on a poorly integrated healthcare system. This is of particular concern in rural communities with rapid population aging and few healthcare resources elevating risk of stroke and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to explore healthcare delivery risks for rural older adults with AF.

This qualitative study collected data from AF patients, healthcare providers and decision makers. Ten patients participated in six-month care journeys involving interviews, logs, photos, and chart reviews. In total, 13 different patients and ten healthcare providers participated in focus groups and two decision makers participated in interviews.

Three key health service risks emerged: lack of patient-focussed access and self-management; unplanned care coordination and follow-up across the continuum of care; and ineffective teamwork with variable perspectives among patients, providers, and decision makers.

This study extends the understanding of risks to the health system level. Results provide important information for further research aimed at interventions to improve health service delivery and policy change to mitigate risks for this population.

VINE is produced at least four times a year with the object of providing up‐to‐date news of work being done in the automation of library housekeeping processes, principally in the UK. It is edited and substantially written by the Information Office for Library Automation based in Southampton University Library and supported by a grant from the British Library Research and Development Department. Copyright for VINE articles rests with the British Library Board, but opinions expressed in VINE do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the British Library. The subscription for 1981 and 1982 for VINE is £20 for UK subscribers and £23 for overseas subscribers — subscription year runs from January to December.

An algebraic model relating catalogue costs to the numbers of existing titles, new titles and titles processed is developed. The number of titles processed is then related to the cumulation and consolidation frequencies so that the effect of different cumulation patterns can be calculated. This shows that annual consolidation is sensible in several situations. Variations in other factors are not considered explicitly but a computer simulation model is described which could be used to investigate any set of reasonable alternatives.

Circulation In the main library the university has installed a Plessey Satellite system for circulation control of normal loan stock, operating in batch mode and recording the data direct onto ½ inch magnetic tape. The transactions for the previous day are processed every morning, the library not having secure access to sufficient computer time to make online operation a feasible proposition. At the moment, for the great majority of items held by the library there is no bibliographic record available to the circulation system, though this is gradually being remedied and it is intended to use the mag. tape as part of the LOCAS service (see below) to build up automatically a short‐title file of all additions to stock.