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This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to evaluate the results in this context.

This was a prospective cohort study of ACS patients admitted to a cardiac care unit in high specialization hospital's cardiology service. The study included 140 men aged >35 years who were diagnosed with ACS.

The mean age of the individuals participating in the study was 61.4 ± 10.9 years old. The mean BMI of the individuals was 25.3 ± 6.6 kg/m², and the mean value of the waist/hip ratio was 0.85 ± 0.01. Individuals were divided into four quarters according to the GRACE score. It was determined that individuals with the highest GRACE score were very underweight or morbidly obese according to their BMI values (p = 0.04).

It has been observed that there is a U-shaped relationship between the GRACE score and the BMI in individuals diagnosed with ACS. The risk of death of ACS patients with very high or very low BMI values was found to be close to each other. Although there is a relationship between BMI and GRACE score, it is concluded that it is insufficient to determine the risk in coronary disease alone, and body fat distribution should be examined together with BMI.

A perplexing problem that has challenged emerging economies in their quest for sustainable economic development has centered around their ability in coping with currency crises. This chapter explores how emerging economies in parts of Asia and Latin America have learned to cope and in some cases overcome the problems associated with rapid growth on the one hand and foreign exchange difficulties on the other. The authors explain the Asian financial crisis of the late nineties through fundamental breakdowns in economic principles, the failure of the much admired East Asian miracle under Asian circumstances, and the instability introduced to the Asian environment through rapid, short term, quickreturn-seeking capital flows.

Intent refers to a firm's initial propensity to view collaboration as an opportunity to learn (Hamel, 1991, p. 90). Comparing the intent to form alliances between Western and Japanese firms, Hamel indicates that most Western firms possess substitution intent to substitute their competitiveness in a specific area for their own lack of skills, whereas the Japanese partners seem to have explicit learning intent to actually internalize their partners’ skills. When the internalization intent is strong in a company, the skills and knowledge acquired from the partner are important to the growth of the whole company (Hamel, 1991). However, if both partners possess equal intent to internalize the other's skill, distrust and conflict may occur to threaten the stability of alliances (Hamel, Doz, & Prahalad, 1989; Madhok, 2006).