Azimah Omar, Muhamad Saipul Fakir, Khairus Syifa Hamdan, Nurul Hidayah Rased and Nasrudin Abd. Rahim
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the chemical, optical and photovoltaic properties of titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO2/rGO) photoanodes immersed in natural…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the chemical, optical and photovoltaic properties of titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO2/rGO) photoanodes immersed in natural Roselle and synthetic (N719) dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application.
Design/methodology/approach
TiO2 mixed with rGO were doctor-bladed on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The chemical and optical properties of TiO2/rGO photoanodes immersed in Roselle and N719 dyes were characterized using Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopies, respectively. The DSSC’s photovoltaic performances were tested using Visiontec Solar I-V tester at standard illumination of AM1.5 and irradiance level of 100 mW/cm2.
Findings
The presence of anthocyanin dye from Roselle flower was detected at 604 nm and 718 nm. TiO2/rGO+Roselle dye sample revealed the smallest energy gap of 0.17 eV for ease of electron movement from valence band to conduction band. The TiO2/rGO-based DSSC fabricated with Roselle dye had a power conversion efficiency, ƞ of 0.743 per cent higher than TiO2/rGO photoanode sensitized with N719 dye (0.334 per cent). The obtained J-V curves were analyzed by a single-diode model of Lambert W-function and manual optimization to determine the internal electrical parameters of the DSSC. The average and uncertainty values of Jsc and ƞ were evaluated at different Rsh range of 1362 Ω to 32 k Ω.
Research limitations/implications
Rs values were kept constant during optimization work.
Originality/value
New ideality factor of TiO2/rGO-based DSSC was re-determined around 0.9995.
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Ehsanullah Agha Syed and Mustafa Omar
This paper aims to develop a Sharīʿah framework for using ḥiyal in Islamic finance. Ḥīlah (singular of ḥiyal) is an Islamic juristic term which refers to the application of acumen…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to develop a Sharīʿah framework for using ḥiyal in Islamic finance. Ḥīlah (singular of ḥiyal) is an Islamic juristic term which refers to the application of acumen and ingenuity to avoid hardship in one’s commitment to Islamic rulings. It has been used as a legal device in Islamic jurisprudence to actualize a legitimate objective. Particularly, it plays a significant role in financial engineering, as it alleviates financial predicaments with remedies.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted qualitative method of research by using content analysis approach. Inductive reasoning is applied to drive legal provisions from Sharīʿah sources that would be used as basic principles to develop an objective measure for using ḥiyal in Islamic banking and finance.
Findings
This study attempted to identify the distinctive features of legitimate ḥiyal for the purpose of developing a Sharīʿah framework. It is observed that a ḥīlah would be considered permissible in Islamic finance if it meets the prescribed criteria of (1) Sharīʿah objectives, (2) user’s motivation, (3) means, (4) benefit and (5) concessionary rules. This proposed framework may serve as an ‘objective measure’ that will determine whether a ḥīlah based financial engineering aims to actualize a genuine economic need or to circumvent the prohibition of ribā.
Practical implications
The proposed standard of ḥiyal will enable Sharīʿah advisors, economists, financial engineer, legal experts and policy makers to develop comprehensive guidelines for using ḥiyal in Islamic financial engineering.
Originality/value
Islamic financial institutions rely heavily on ḥiyal to operate in a predominant conventional financial system. The application of these legal stratagems in Islamic finance has been the center of an intense debate between Islamic economists and jurists. The former argues that over-reliance on ḥiyal not only divorces morality from technicality but also defeats the noble purposes of Islamic economics. This paper provides a synthesis of the diverse views on the subject to facilitate a minimum level of convergence among scholars on the permissibility of ḥiyal.
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Hamdy Abdullah, Fahru Azwa Mohd Zain, Hafizan Juahir, Hazrin Izwan Che Haron, Azimah Ismail, Talat Islam and Sheikh Ahmad Faiz Sheikh Ahmad Tajuddin
This study aims to construct comprehensive index of Tahfiz empowerment taking into account various factors such as social, intellectual, physical and religious, as well as…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to construct comprehensive index of Tahfiz empowerment taking into account various factors such as social, intellectual, physical and religious, as well as economical. According to Maqasid Shariah, Malaysia has to establish a Tahfiz Empowerment Index (TEI) for the implementation of National Tahfiz Education Policy (NTEP) to ensure that Tahfiz institutions assist students’ development in a productive and meaningful way consistent with Islamic values and national educational objectives.
Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes the TEI using Maqasid Shariah to offer an organized framework for evaluating and improving the quality and social relevance of Tahfiz institutions. The TEI weaves the five fundamental aims of Maqasid Shariah – preserving religion, protecting life, fostering intellect, preserving lineage and ensuring economic sustainability – into measurable indicators. Comprehensive review of the literature supports the TEI and its using experts, and the TEI assigns equal weightage to each dimension and has provisions to address biases.
Findings
The TEI consists of five fundamental aspects: preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage and economic sustainability. The results imply that systematic way of evaluating and enhancing performance of Tahfiz institution is crucial as the study proves the institution’s importance in the development of its students.
Research limitations/implications
The TEI provides a systematic framework to be used in future empirical research that searches for the operation of Tahfiz institutions and their outcome. Moreover, it serves as a theoretical basis for further research on Islamic education and its alignment with Maqasid Shariah. It also propounds a holistic and inclusive approach encompassing improvement in educational possibilities.
Practical implications
The TEI has useful managerial and policy implications for the improvement of Tahfiz institutions. It can be used as a benchmark whenever the policymaker is in doubt about the quality, safety and equitable distribution of resources in education to achieve Malaysia’s NTEP objectives. The TEI also provides practical, tangible performance indicators for evaluation and benchmarking, resource allocation and strategy planning. It integrates Maqasid Shariah principles, focusing on areas like spiritual and intellectual development, economic sustainability and community engagement.
Social implications
The TEI as part of Sustainable Development Goals 2030 contributes to social benefits: integrating the principles of Islamic education and human dignity and social welfare. It erases the existing gaps by providing the necessary means through such practices as offering vocational training to underprivileged students, contributes to social responsibility by enhancing mental health and encouraging services to the community, and ultimately improves community involvement through volunteerism and collaborations. Also, TEI directs the distribution of funds toward programs that should benefit underprivileged learners, thus maintain sustainable fund allocation as well as promoting social responsibility as per NTEP objectives.
Originality/value
This study presents a novel index grounded on Maqasid Shariah which is useful for assessing and improving the Tahfiz institutions. It gives a definite and systematic method of evaluating these institutions’ degrees of empowerments to meet all the diverse roles they play in the society.