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Article
Publication date: 12 September 2016

Bahaa Saleh and Ayman A. Aly

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of surface treatment on slurry erosion behavior of AISI 5,117 steel using artificial neural network (ANN) technique.

138

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of surface treatment on slurry erosion behavior of AISI 5,117 steel using artificial neural network (ANN) technique.

Design/methodology/approach

The slurry erosion wear behavior of electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coated, carburized and untreated AISI 5,117 alloy steel was investigated experimentally and theoretically using ANN technique based on error back propagation learning algorithm.

Findings

From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the proposed AAN model can be successfully used for evaluating slurry erosion behavior of the Ni-P coated, carburized and untreated AISI 5,117 steel for wide range of operating conditions and Ni-P coating and carburizing improve the slurry erosion resistance of AISI 5,117 steel; however, the coating is more efficient.

Originality/value

Slurry erosion is a serious problem for the performance, reliability and service life of engineering components used in many industrial applications. To improve the performance of these components, engineering surface technologies have been attracting a great deal of attention. The extent of slurry erosion is dependent on a wide range of variables. To account all variables that effect on erosion behavior, prediction of erosion behavior by soft computational technique is one of the most important requirements. ANN has the ability to tackle the problem of complex relationships among variables that cannot be accomplished by traditional analytical methods.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 68 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 20 August 2019

B. Saleh, Ayman A. Aly, M. Alsehli, M.M. Bassuoni and A. Elfasakhany

This paper aims to investigate the performance and working fluids screening for an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) activated by solar energy. Several common and new…

158

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the performance and working fluids screening for an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) activated by solar energy. Several common and new hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins and hydrofluoroethers are proposed as refrigerants for the ERC to determine the most appropriate one.

Design/methodology/approach

The ejector performance is characterized by the ejector area ratio (EAR) and entrainment ratio (ω), while the cycle performance is described by the coefficient of performance (COP). The influences of many working parameters like the evaporator, condenser and generator temperatures on the ejector and cycle performances are investigated for all candidates as well.

Findings

The results indicate that the best ejector and cycle performances are attained with the highest critical temperature dry refrigerant, i.e. R601 under all studied working conditions. From the perspective of energy efficiency and environmental issues, R601 can be considered the most appropriate working fluid amongst all candidates. However, extra attention should be considered against its flammability. The maximum COP, the corresponding ω and the necessary EAR using R601 are 0.743, 1.02 and 15.5, respectively, with 25 ºC condenser temperature and the typical values for the rest operating conditions.

Originality/value

Many common and new hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins and hydrofluoroethers are suggested as working fluids for the ERC to determine the most appropriate one. The mixing process inside the ejector constant-area section is assumed constant-pressure process.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 10 October 2024

Mohammad A.A. Zaid, Ayman Issa and Ayman Wael Al-Khatib

Utilizing a multi-theoretical framework, this study aims to investigate the impact of board gender and nationality diversity on the extent of intellectual capital disclosure…

79

Abstract

Purpose

Utilizing a multi-theoretical framework, this study aims to investigate the impact of board gender and nationality diversity on the extent of intellectual capital disclosure. Additionally, it seeks to explore the moderating role of financial literacy among audit committee members on the aforementioned relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

To empirically test the study’s framework, a panel dataset of listed firms on the Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) spanning 12 years (2010–2022) was utilized. To address potential endogeneity issues and ensure robust findings, a battery of econometric estimators was employed, including ordinary least squares (OLS), one-step system generalized method of moments (GMM), lagged independent variables and a sub-index model.

Findings

The study findings make a significant contribution to existing intellectual capital literature. Specifically, the results reveal that the positive influence of board gender and nationality diversity on the extent of corporate intellectual capital disclosure is stronger when there is a high proportion of audit committee financial literacy. Additionally, the study distinguishes between overall index and sub-index analyses. Interestingly, the findings from the sub-index analysis, focusing on structural capital, relational capital and human capital, are somewhat similar to the results of the full index analysis.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first empirical attempt to uncover the impact of financial literacy among audit committee members on the relationship between board diversity and intellectual capital disclosure.

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Article
Publication date: 18 June 2021

Sophia Marcian Kongela

Sustainability in the built environment is rapidly gaining attention worldwide, although many developing countries have not accomplished much on the ground as many sustainability…

760

Abstract

Purpose

Sustainability in the built environment is rapidly gaining attention worldwide, although many developing countries have not accomplished much on the ground as many sustainability aspects still remain untreated. Despite their low greenhouse gas contributions to the globe, the high rate of construction activities that do not embrace sustainable practices in these countries pose challenges to the environment. Using the case of Tanzania, this study assesses the level of sustainability awareness among key stakeholders in the built environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a mixed-method research approach where primary data was collected using a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with key informants comprising engineers, architects, property managers, property owners, property users and academicians from institutions of higher learning.

Findings

Results show that despite the potential for a sustainable built environment, there is a low level of awareness among key stakeholders. Whereas few architects, who were aware, admitted to have not incorporated sustainability aspects in their building design, other stakeholders did not have active roles in decision-making involving building construction projects. Compared to the rest, the awareness level of property users was the lowest. Lack of a specific policy or policy statement on sustainable building, high initial costs of sustainable building, few skilled professionals and lack of a broad choice of building materials are some of the factors accounting for the low level of sustainability adoption in the built environment.

Originality/value

The significance of this study lies within the objective of showing awareness levels of sustainability aspects among key built environment stakeholders and policymakers, which is important in devising strategies for promoting sustainable construction practices.

Details

International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, vol. 41 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-4708

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Article
Publication date: 23 September 2021

Ayman E. Haddad and Hussain Alali

This study aims to explore the extent of risk disclosure (RD) among conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs) listed on stock markets in the Gulf cooperation council (GCC)…

669

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore the extent of risk disclosure (RD) among conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs) listed on stock markets in the Gulf cooperation council (GCC). It also examines the influence of RD on the banks’ financial performance as measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE).

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses content analysis to examine RD in the annual reports of 16 CBs and 14 IBs in the GCC for a sample of 240 firm-year observations over the period 2007 to 2014.

Findings

The study shows no significant differences between the RD reported in the annual reports of CBs and that of IBs. On average, a CB reported 234 sentences while an IB disclosed 244 sentences of RD in its annual report. The authors also find that both types of banks had an upward trend over the periods. While the means of RD reported by CBs have significantly improved over the period, the RD reported by IBs has not. Similar results are also found when the authors compared the RD pre- and post-financial crisis period. Finally, the authors find that there is a significant association between RD and both models of financial performance (ROA and ROE) for IBs, after controlling other variables. However, RD has a significant association with only ROE for CBs.

Research limitations/implications

The bank selection was restricted to publicly traded banks in the GCC. Other financial institutions and different types of industries were not considered. Further research could determine whether the results obtained in this study could be generalized to different industries in the GCC and or in other countries.

Practical implications

This study provides evidence on the significant association between RD and the financial performance of CBs and IBs in GCC countries. This study could be helpful to regulatory authorities in encouraging banks to adopt the best practice of RD and thus promote banks’ transparency.

Originality/value

This is the first known study to examine the RD practices of both types of banks and their association with banks’ financial performance in five-GCC countries (Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Bahrain), based on a longitudinal analysis of year-end annual reports, covering eight years period from 2007 to 2014.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 23 November 2020

Vivek Seharwat

Abstract

Details

Drones and the Law
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-249-9

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 January 2013

1376

Abstract

Details

Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 24 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-038X

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Article
Publication date: 12 December 2024

Mohammad Talalwa, Fu’ad Magableh and Nemer Badwan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of corporate governance structure corporate governance on a firm’s performance in the Palestinian business environment…

40

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of corporate governance structure corporate governance on a firm’s performance in the Palestinian business environment between 2016 and 2023. The specific environment of the developing Palestinian economy is the main motivation and emphasis of this investigation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered from 49 financial and non-financial firms listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2023. While the random and fixed effects estimates were utilized to be the most suitable for this particular investigation, they were used to undertake the data analysis procedure. The study employed two-stage least squares (2SLS) to assess the robustness and correctness of data to bolster the findings and subsequent implications.

Findings

The findings show that the return on equity, a measure of corporate performance, was positively but not significantly impacted by the presence of women on the executive boards of Palestinian companies. This suggests that the variable in question had no bearing on the success of the firms. In terms of moderating influence, corporate governance structure had no bearing on the link between dual chief executives, institution ownership, government ownership, independent directors and firm performance. Family ownership and board size had negative, significant impacts on performance.

Research limitations/implications

The research limitations of this study are that it focuses exclusively on manufacturing firms listed on the Palestine Exchange (PEX) over a seven-year period, which limits its generalizability to other industries and regions. Furthermore, due to a lack of data, the model did not account for global diversity on boards of directors.

Practical implications

The findings of this research help managers understand how management structures impact business success and provide regulatory authorities with insights into gender diversity and corporate governance legislation in Palestine. It suggests enhancing company performance, competitiveness and capital acquisition by improving governance information quality, building investor confidence, raising standards and reforming governance systems.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by enhancing the understanding of how corporate governance and gender diversity affect the financial performance of listed firms, addressing a research gap in the Palestinian market. It is one of the few studies examining company performance during political turmoil, specifically focusing on the increased role of women on Palestinian boards.

Details

Management & Sustainability: An Arab Review, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2752-9819

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access

Abstract

Details

Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and Special Equipment, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2633-6596

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