Reza Alayi, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Atabak Najafi and Eskandar Jamali
The important factors, which should be considered in the design of a hybrid system of photovoltaic and wind energy are discussed in this study. The current load demand for…
Abstract
Purpose
The important factors, which should be considered in the design of a hybrid system of photovoltaic and wind energy are discussed in this study. The current load demand for electricity, as well as the load profile of solar radiation and wind power of the specified region chosen in Iran, is the basis of design and optimization in this study. Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically.
Design/methodology/approach
HOMER software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically.
Findings
The maximum radiation intensity for the study area is 7.95 kwh/m2/day for July and the maximum wind speed for the study area is 11.02 m/s for January.
Originality/value
This research is the result of the original studies.
Details
Keywords
Fardin Yousefshahi, Mohammad Reza Khajavi, Mohammad Anbarafshan, Patricia Khashayar and Atabak Najafi
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Sanosil and glutaraldehyde 2 percent in disinfecting ventilator connecting tubes in an intensive care unit (ICU) environment.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Sanosil and glutaraldehyde 2 percent in disinfecting ventilator connecting tubes in an intensive care unit (ICU) environment.
Design/methodology/approach
The 12‐week open‐labelled clinical trial was conducted in the surgical ICU of a teaching hospital from March to May 2005. In the first phase of the study, high level disinfection was performed using glutaraldehyde 2 percent, whereas Sanosil was used as the disinfectant agent of the second phase. Samples for microbial culture were obtained from the Y piece, the expiratory limb proximal to the ventilator and the humidifier in different stages; the results were then compared.
Findings
Positive culture was more frequently reported in Y pieces, humidifiers and expiratory end of ventilators. Comparing the two groups, there were more positive cultures in the glutaraldehyde group (p value=0.005); multiple organism growths, gram negative, gram positive and fungi were also more frequent in this group (p value=0.01; 0. 007; 0. 062; 0.144, respectively).
Originality/value
The paper shows that Sanosil is an effective agent in reducing the contamination risk in the tubes used in ICUs.