Ashaq Hussain Najar and Ab Hamid Rather
This research analyses the simultaneous relationship between perceived risks, destination image and destination loyalty as well as the mediating role of two components of…
Abstract
Purpose
This research analyses the simultaneous relationship between perceived risks, destination image and destination loyalty as well as the mediating role of two components of destination image (cognitive and affective) in the relationship between perceived risks and destination loyalty.
Design/methodology/approach
The current study used a convenience sampling method for collecting data from 413 respondents using a self-administered questionnaire. Furthermore, the two-step approach for structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess the model's psychometric properties and test the proposed structural model.
Findings
The results revealed that only socio-psychological and political risks negatively affected destination loyalty. In contrast, performance risk, physical risk and financial risk did not show a significant direct effect on tourists' destination loyalty. Each type of perceived risk significantly contributed to cognitive and affective image formation. However, the financial risk did not significantly affect the affective image. Moreover, the affective component of the image was found to have a higher impact on establishing destination loyalty than the cognitive component of the image. Finally, cognitive and affective facets of the image were found to act as significant mediators between perceived risks and destination loyalty.
Practical implications
The study provides a better understanding of how perceived risks and destination image, if properly managed, exert a better influence on destination loyalty. Moreover, the affective dimension of destination image must be actively used to position Kashmir in the domestic tourism market and connect with individuals, especially those who have negative feelings regarding risky destinations.
Originality/value
This is likely to be the first study to investigate the relationships between various dimensions of perceived risk, destination image and destination loyalty in the context of a volatile destination, i.e. Kashmir Valley (India). Furthermore, the role of two facets of destination image (cognitive and affective) in mediating the relationship between perceived risks and destination loyalty extends and contributes to the theoretical foundation for the destination perception concept.
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Abdul Gani, Ramjit Singh and Ashaq Hussain Najar
This study aims to explore the preparedness and the recovery/rebuilding activities or strategies adopted by the respondents during the phases of natural disaster/crisis in Jammu…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the preparedness and the recovery/rebuilding activities or strategies adopted by the respondents during the phases of natural disaster/crisis in Jammu and Kashmir and Assam, India.
Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative research design was chosen for the study. The interview method was adopted in the present research. The respondents were selected purposefully from the representatives of tourism organizations/destinations management organizations and emergency organizations, i.e. disaster management and hotels experienced by natural disasters, i.e. flood 2014 in Kashmir valley 2019 in Assam states of India.
Findings
Moderate level of preparedness among the tourism organizations, tourism businesses such as hotels leaves implications for them to enhance the disaster or crisis resilient community. The preparedness programs, efficient social media, communications strategies and development of tourist destinations-specific disaster-related crisis management plans were suggested to enhance disaster resilience.
Originality/value
The present study is widely contributing to the theory of the vital concepts of crisis management at tourism destinations. This study suggests the practical implications for and suggestions to the industry practitioners, government agencies and researchers to rebuild the tourist destinations from the disaster/crisis and enhance global resilience.
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Kaleem Ahmad Najar, N.A. Sheikh, Mohammad Mursaleen Butt and M.A. Shah
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical and tribological properties of the synthetic diamond coatings deposited on WC-Co cutting tools for their prospective…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical and tribological properties of the synthetic diamond coatings deposited on WC-Co cutting tools for their prospective applications in mechanical industry. In this work, the concept of nanocrystalline diamond, microcrystalline diamond and multilayer-diamond coating systems were proposed and deposited on WC-Co substrates with the top-layer nanocrystallinity, optimum thickness and interfacial adhesion strength for load-bearing tribological and machining applications. Also, the overall mechanical and tribological properties of all synthetic diamond coatings were compared for the purpose of selecting a suitable type of protective layer used on the surfaces of WC-Co cutting tools or mechanical dies.
Design/methodology/approach
Smooth and adhesive single layered and multilayered synthetic deposited on chemically etched cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrates using predetermined process parameters in hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. A comparison has been documented between diamond coatings having different nature and architecture for the purpose of studying their mechanical and tribological characteristics. The friction characteristics were studied experimentally using ball-on-disc type linear reciprocating micro-tribometer under the influence of varying load conditions and within dry sliding conditions. Nanoindentation tests were conducted on each diamond coating using Berkovich nanoindenter for the measurement of their hardness and elastic modulus values. Also, the wear characteristics of all sliding bodies were studied under varying load conditions using cumulative weight loss and density method.
Findings
Depositing any type of diamond coating on the cemented carbide tool insert increases its all mechanical and tribological characteristics. When using boron-doping onto the top-layer surface of diamond coatings decrease slightly their mechanical properties but increases the tribological characteristics. Present analysis reveals that friction coefficient of all diamond-coated WC-Co substrates decreases with the increase of normal load. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate level of normal load, sliding time, sliding distance, atmospheric conditions and type of diamond coating, the friction coefficient may be kept to some lower value to improve mechanical processes.
Originality/value
As the single layered synthetic diamond coatings have not given the full requirements of mechanical and tribological properties when deposited on cutting tools. Therefore, the multilayered diamond coatings were proposed and developed to enhance the interfacial integrity of the nanocrystalline and microcrystalline layers (by eliminating the sharp interface) as well as increasing the hardness of tungsten carbide substrate. However, when using boron doping onto the top-layer surface of diamond, coatings decreases slightly their mechanical characteristics but also decreases the value of friction coefficient.