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Article
Publication date: 2 September 2013

Arup Nag and Shantanu Das

The authors aim to report a novel encapsulation technology for probiotic bacteria, through which L. casei CRL431 cells have been successfully delivered in shelf stable dry and…

471

Abstract

Purpose

The authors aim to report a novel encapsulation technology for probiotic bacteria, through which L. casei CRL431 cells have been successfully delivered in shelf stable dry and intermediate moisture foods.

Design/methodology/approach

Manufacturing of the probiotic ingredient involved a proprietary technique using combination of controlled fermentation of the L. casei CRL431 cells, encapsulation in a food grade matrix and drying under controlled parameters.

Findings

The developed ingredient was stored at 25°C for a period of 12 months. The loss in cell viability was 1.9 log cfu g-1 after 12 months and maintained at 8.3 log cfu g-1. In vitro gastric juice and bile salts incubation revealed that the probiotic cells were better protected within the encapsulated than in the free form. The survival of the encapsulated cells was 5.0 and 2.1 log cycles higher than free cells in gastric juice and bile salt solution respectively. Fortification of probiotic bacteria did not have any negative impact on the sensory qualities of the foods mentioned above.

Research limitations/implications

The developed technology is only applicable for fortifying dried or intermediate moisture foods with beneficial probiotic bacteria. The water activity of the products needs to be ranged from 0.2 to 0.5. A higher moisture contained food will lead to bacterial proliferations, product spoilage and loss in storage viability of the fortified probiotic cells.

Practical implications

A general guideline issued by FAO/WHO states that any good effect of probiotic bacteria on human health can be obtained only if consumed at a level of 10^7 to 10^8 viable cells per day. Delivery of such a concentration of live probiotic cells is particularly challenging in the case of long shelf life foods. As shown in the results, the authors' probiotic powder is able to deliver over 100 million live cells per gram after 12 months of ambient storage. Even the foods fortified with this powder are able to deliver over 1 million cells per gram after six months of ambient storage.

Social implications

The developed technology rightly identified the gap for fortifying probiotic bacteria into foods stored under ambient conditions which is a real hindrance to reach out to consumers particularly in the developing countries where refrigerated supply chain and storage are not yet established in an efficient way. It is believed that millions of people in developing countries with a tropical climate would be benefited with the goodness of probiotic bacteria using the help of this technology.

Originality/value

The research work presented here is completely original and in-house research output of the Riddet Institute, Massey University, New Zealand. A successful commercialization of this new novel technology is deemed to be of very high value to any institution.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 115 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1998

Ò. À. Bèg, H.S. Takhar and V.M. Soundalgekar

Numerical results generated by a highly efficient finite‐difference method (originated by Keller for aerodynamical flows at the California Institute of Technology in 1970), and a…

474

Abstract

Numerical results generated by a highly efficient finite‐difference method (originated by Keller for aerodynamical flows at the California Institute of Technology in 1970), and a robust double shooting Runge‐Kutta‐Merson scheme are presented for the boundary layer equations representing the convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past a hot vertical flat plate embedded in a non‐Darcy porous medium. Viscous dissipation due to mechanical work is included in the temperature field equation. The computations for both solution techniques are compared at the leading edge (ξ = 0.0) and found to be in excellent agreement. The effects of the viscous heating parameter (Ec), thermal conductivity ratio (λ) and a Darcy porous parameter (Re/GrDa) on the fluid velocities, temperatures, local shear stress and wall heat transfer rate are discussed with applications to geothermal and industrial flows.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 8 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 20 September 2022

Gianluca Pescaroli, Kristen Guida, Jeremy Reynolds, Roger S. Pulwarty, Igor Linkov and David E. Alexander

This paper applies the theory of cascading, interconnected and compound risk to the practice of preparing for, managing, and responding to threats and hazards. Our goal is to…

998

Abstract

Purpose

This paper applies the theory of cascading, interconnected and compound risk to the practice of preparing for, managing, and responding to threats and hazards. Our goal is to propose a consistent approach for managing major risk in urban systems by bringing together emergency management, organisational resilience, and climate change adaptation.

Design/methodology/approach

We develop a theory-building process using an example from the work of the Greater London Authority in the United Kingdom. First, we explore how emergency management approaches systemic risk, including examples from of exercises, contingency plans and responses to complex incidents. Secondly, we analyse how systemic risk is integrated into strategies and practices of climate change adaptation. Thirdly, we consider organisational resilience as a cross cutting element between the approaches.

Findings

London has long been a champion of resilience strategies for dealing with systemic risk. However, this paper highlights a potential for integrating better the understanding of common points of failure in society and organisations, especially where they relate to interconnected domains and where they are driven by climate change.

Originality/value

The paper suggests shifting toward the concept of operational continuity to address systemic risk and gaps between Emergency Management, Organizational Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation.

Details

Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, vol. 32 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0965-3562

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 23 January 2025

Juan Carlos Flores Lara, Mutasem El Fadel and Malik Mansoor Ali Khalfan

This study addresses the integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies with circular economy (CE) principles in the UAE construction sector, aligning with the UAE Circular…

145

Abstract

Purpose

This study addresses the integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies with circular economy (CE) principles in the UAE construction sector, aligning with the UAE Circular Economy Policy 2021–2031 (UAECEP). It explores how digital tools can facilitate sustainable construction practices by enhancing resource efficiency, reducing waste and supporting circularity across the building life cycle.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify frameworks that integrate I4.0 technologies with CE principles. Based on the review, a conceptual framework was developed and refined to meet the UAE construction sector’s specific needs, focusing on applying digital tools at different stages of construction.

Findings

Integrating I4.0 tools, including building information modeling (BIM), the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), can enhance resource efficiency, reduce waste and promote sustainability in the UAE’s construction sector. The framework aligns digital transformation efforts with the UAECEP, indicating these technologies’ applicability in design, construction, operation and end-of-life stages. Key challenges include high initial costs, technical limitations and the need for regulatory support.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel framework tailored to the UAE construction sector, bridging the gap between policy objectives and practical implementation. It provides strategies to overcome local challenges through stakeholder collaboration and digital innovation, contributing to the UAE’s sustainability goals.

Details

Built Environment Project and Asset Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-124X

Keywords

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