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For years the pharmaceutical industry has been aware of public sentiment against the use of animals for testing and experimentation. Most companies assumed that they were dealing with ineffectual fringe groups who were unlikely to force them to change their experimental practices.

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of formal religion in the early years of Outward Bound, a significant outdoor education organisation in Britain, from the 1940s to the 1960s.

This article is based on archival and other documentary research in various archives and libraries, mostly in the United Kingdom.

The article shows that religious “instruction” was a central feature of the outdoor education that Outward Bound provided. The nature and extent of this aspect of the training was a matter of considerable debate within the Outward Bound Trust and was influenced by older traditions of muscular Christianity as well as the specific context of the early post–Second World War period. However, the religious influences at the schools were marginalised by the 1960s; although formal Christian observances did not disappear, the emphasis shifted to the promotion of a vaguer spirituality associated with the idea that “the mountains speak for themselves”.

The article establishes the importance of organised Christianity and formal religious observances in the early years of Outward Bound, a feature which has generally been overlooked in the historical literature. It contributes to wider analyses of outdoor education, religious education and secularisation in the mid-twentieth century.

The purpose of this paper is to add to efforts to treat the relationship between accounting, democracy and emancipation more seriously, giving recognition to difference in this context. To open up space for emancipatory praxis vis-à-vis accounting, the authors articulate a delineation of accounting as a differentiated universal and emphasise the significance of an appreciation of accounting as contextually situated. The authors outline implications of a reading of new pragmatism for emancipatory praxis in relation to accounting that takes democracy and difference seriously.

Critical and analytical argument reflecting upon previous literature in the humanities and social sciences (e.g. Laclau and Mouffe, 2001) and in accounting (e.g. Gallhofer and Haslam, 2003; Bebbington et al., 2007; Brown, 2009, 2010; Blackburn et al., 2014; Brown and Dillard, 2013a, b; Dillard and Yuthas, 2013) to consider further accounting’s alignment to an emancipatory praxis taking democracy and difference seriously.

A vision and framing of emancipatory praxis vis-à-vis accounting is put forward as a contribution that the authors hope stimulates further discussion.

The authors extend and bolster previous literature seeking to align accounting and emancipation through further reflection upon new pragmatist perspectives on democracy and difference. In the articulations and emphases here, the authors make some particular contributions including notably the following. The accounting delineation, which includes appreciation of accounting as a differentiated universal, and a considered approach to appreciation of accounting as contextually situated help to open up further space for praxis vis-à-vis accounting. The authors offer a general outline of accounting’s positioning vis-à-vis a reading of a new pragmatist perspective on emancipatory praxis. The authors articulate the perspective in terms of key principles of design for emancipatory praxis vis-à-vis accounting: take seriously an accounting delineation freeing accounting from unnecessary constraints; engage with all accountings in accord with a principle of prioritisation; engage with accounting in a way appreciative of its properties, dimensions and contextual situatedness; engage more generally in a new pragmatist praxis. This adds support to and extends prior literature. The authors elaborate in this context how appreciation of a new pragmatist continuum thinking that helps to highlight and bring out emancipatory and repressive dimensions of accounting can properly inform interaction with existing as well as new envisaged accountings, including what the authors term here “official” accountings.

Research that tracks low-income populations across educational transitions contains threats to validity that can compromise evidence-based educational policy and practice. The Big Picture Longitudinal Study is a national, multiyear study that follows low-income urban youth who were accepted into college as high school seniors. Triangulating the results of multiple longitudinal data sources showed that reported college aspirations and enrollment intentions were inconsistently and differently reported by students and teachers in the final semester of high school. Relying on a particular data source and time can result in mistakenly equating college aspirations and enrollment behaviors, these findings suggest. In particular, secondary school educators’ inflated assumptions about their students’ college aspirations can obscure the need for supporting multiple pathways to college and work for low-income, first-generation high school seniors.

Increasingly, planners in both public and private enterprises will have to cope with the contradictions that make managing our organizations and our society ever more difficult and confusing, a dilemma reflected in the grim mood of pessimism that pervades much of literature today—over despair at ever being able to make wise choices. Every alternative has its adherents, its incontrovertible evidences. At the same time, it can be demonstrated that each alternative leads down the path to destruction. While it may be, as some have said, that the choices are becoming clearer, it is also true that the answers are becoming less certain, which is itself a contradiction.

Increasingly over the next decade corporate leaders will have to deal with the political and social fallout of othersourcing – the ability to have work done by robots and computer programs.

Provides examples of this othersourcing trend in every kind of business, and also in government, military, and non‐profit activities as well.

People will increasingly be on their own, in competition with software, robots, foreigners, newly engineered systems, unexpected competition, do‐it‐yourself customers and other independent contactors.

Employers should have a comprehensive othersourcing strategy that includes dealing with an increase in negative consequences.

Establishes othersourcing – a potentially massive shift of increasingly higher kinds of work to machines and software –as an even more disruptive trend than outsourcing.

To show how managing the right‐of‐way asset, a lesson the railroads didn't learn when they gave or bartered it away in the nineteenth century, will be a key to business success in the future.

Businesses large and small, dot.com and brick and mortar, spend years establishing a network of customers, suppliers, creditors, investors, employees, and stakeholders that is, in effect, a right‐of‐way. Unfortunately, few have understood how to capitalize on their right‐of‐way, thus leveraging one of the most currently underutilized assets in the economy.

Learn to imagine the effect of disruptive innovation on an established right‐of‐way and how to discern what capabilities will be needed to take advantage of such potential opportunities. Having invested in building a business or a professional practice or an organization or a network, you have developed associated strategic assets that you need to leverage adequately to provide additional returns.

This conceptual paper provides historical research only.

Focusing on right‐of‐way enables companies to see and benefit from the potential customer instead of just the “best” customers. This amounts to a key recognition – that managing access to the customers equals managing the right‐of‐way, one of the most valuable assets a business can have in a time of growing competition.

To understand its true value and possibilities you must first escape the mental trap of limiting your asset management to just the business you think you're in. Then a strategy based on creative leveraging is not only possible, it is desirable.

• Connecting with customers at the organizational frontline is not only a matter of transaction but is also a matter of emotional connection

• Customers interact with retailers to seek social contact in order to recover their affective and cognitive balance

• Chatbots are well suited to resolve simple problems; they keep social interactions simple, and they provide cognitive clarity and personalized answers without engaging customers in socioaffective interactions

• Chatbots must develop the ability to read customers' emotions in order to identify the exact point at which the conversation must be managed by a human agent

Connecting with customers at the organizational frontline is not only a matter of transaction but is also a matter of emotional connection

Customers interact with retailers to seek social contact in order to recover their affective and cognitive balance

Chatbots are well suited to resolve simple problems; they keep social interactions simple, and they provide cognitive clarity and personalized answers without engaging customers in socioaffective interactions

Chatbots must develop the ability to read customers' emotions in order to identify the exact point at which the conversation must be managed by a human agent