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Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1998) this article analyses the labour market status of African‐American women in management positions. The results show that among supervisors with a high school and college education, black women earn lower wages than black men even after controlling for detailed background, personal, and human capital characteristics. The lower earnings of black female supervisors can partly be attributed to the fact that they are segregated in predominantly female jobs. Additionally, in contrast to black males and white females, black females do not earn significant wage premiums associated with supervisory duties.

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the differences in literacy and schooling attainment among the scheduled tribe women in India.

The paper uses data from the Census of India, Department of Education in India, and National Human Development Report prepared by the Government of India.

The high status of women among the tribal groups in the northeastern states has important effects on the literacy rates, enrollment ratios and dropout rates of girls in that region. High‐poverty rates pose to be significant obstacles in attaining literacy and education among tribal women in India. However, large differences in literacy rates in the various states in India show that social and cultural norms, proximity to the mainstream Hindu culture, and the role of women are also important determinants in achieving literacy among tribal women.

Literacy is considered to be an important tool for improving the status of women among the scheduled tribes. Aggregate statistics often paint a dismal picture of the low‐literacy rates and schooling among the scheduled tribe women. This paper shows that such statistics fail to capture the different trends in literacy rates and value placed in schooling among the various tribal groups in India. Differences in economic, social, and cultural backgrounds among the various tribes need to be emphasized in order to understand the differential nature of investments in literacy rates and schooling among tribal women in India.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the low status of women as being a major contributor for the observed gender inequality in the spread of HIV/AIDS in India.

The paper uses data from National Aids Control Organization, National Family Health Survey, and the Directorate of Economics and Statistics.

This study highlights the problems facing women in deterring the spread of HIV/AIDS in India. The status and empowerment of women are important variables in combating the disease among both men and women in India. Literacy, education, exposure to the media, labor market participation, awareness of HIV/AIDS, and economic independence are important considerations in improving the status of women in India. Policymakers need to focus on gender inequality in order to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS in India.

While absolute figures indicate men are more likely to be infected with HIV/AIDS, the rate of decline is higher for men compared to women in India. We explore several plausible explanations for such observed inequality in the spread of HIV/AIDS across gender. In particular, a potentially important factor – the low status of women in society is attributable as an impediment to the spread of the disease. A case study of the relationship between gender empowerment and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the state with the highest concentration, Manipur, provides more insight to the difficulties faced by women in combating HIV/AIDS in India.

Aluminium alloys can be used as lightweight and high-strength materials in combination with the technology of laser beam welding, an efficient joining method, in the manufacturing of automotive parts. The purposes of this paper are to conduct laser welding experiments with Al2024 in the lap joint configuration, model the laser welding process parameters of Al2024 alloys and use propounded models to optimize the process parameters.

Laser welding of Al2024 alloy has been conducted in the lap joint configuration. Then, the influences of explanatory variables (laser peak power, scanning speed and frequency) on outcome variables (weld width [WW], throat length [TL] and breaking load [BL]) have been investigated with Poisson regression analysis of the data set derived from experimentation. Thereafter, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) has been used using MATLAB to find the optimum solutions. The effects of various input process parameters on the responses have also been analysed using response surface plots.

The promulgated statistical models, derived with Poisson regression analysis, are evinced to be well-fit ones using the analysis of deviance approach. Pareto fronts have been used to demonstrate the optimization results, and the maximized load-bearing capacity is computed to be 1,263 N, whereas the compromised WW and TL are 714 µm and 760 µm, respectively.

This work of conducting laser welding of lap joint of Al2024 alloy incorporating the Taguchi method and optimizing the input process parameters with the promulgated statistical models proffers a neoteric perspective that can be useful to the manufacturing industry.

This paper aims to investigate the customers’ response to mandatory activities as per the corporate social responsibility (CSR) laws of India in the Indian hotel industry. Further, it analyzes the influence of mandatory CSR activities of the companies on the purchase intention (PI) of customers with the mediating role of customer satisfaction (CS). It also examines the link between mandatory CSR activities and the customers’ evaluation of corporate.

The customers of five-star hotels in Kerala, India, were surveyed, and the proposed model is analyzed with factor analysis and structural equation modelling with mediation analysis.

The study proves three propositions, namely, the mandatory CSR activities influence the PIs of customers, the CS partially mediates the relationship of CSR activities on the PI of the customers and the mandatory CSR activities demonstrate a positive impact on customers’ evaluation of corporate in the Indian hotel industry.

The comprehensive CSR assessment based on hotel customers’ response by considering CSR law in India is a novel outlook. The study will aid in determining the association between mandatory CSR and PI and evaluate the role of mandatory CSR on favorable corporate evaluation.

This study aims to develop and validate a scale to measure stakeholders' perception of mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in the hotel industry in India.

CSR items were generated based on a qualitative approach. The underlying factorial structure of the scale is determined using exploratory factor analysis. The measurement model is verified through confirmatory factor analysis with validity checks. Additionally, the nomological and predictive validity of the proposed scale is confirmed through correlation and regression analysis.

This study proposed a three-dimensional 17-item scale comprising the environment, social and cultural domains to measure stakeholders' perception of mandatory CSR in the Indian hotel industry.

This study adds to the literature by providing a comprehensive approach incorporating CSR activities specified by law on CSR measurement. Validated CSR scales are recommended for future studies to measure CSR in India. This study may also serve as a blueprint for other countries to develop context-specific CSR measurement approaches.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scale development study on mandatory CSR in India. The inclusion of CSR activities prescribed by law on the standardized CSR scale development is a novel outlook.

The paper provides a critical analysis of the relationship between the growth of informal manufacturing activities and environmental sustainability. The research is grounded in the context of global economic trends, focusing specifically on the impact of these activities in India. The study highlights the significant role of unorganized manufacturing enterprises in the Indian economy. These enterprises, while contributing notably to the GDP, also lead to increased material and energy use, raising concerns about environmental sustainability. The paper underscores the trade-off between economic growth and environmental sustainability, particularly in the context of informal sector industrialization. The findings suggest that higher economic growth, driven by the informal manufacturing sector, correlates with greater environmental degradation. This relationship is primarily due to increased energy consumption and carbon intensity. The paper posits that the growth of the informal manufacturing sector, especially in developing countries like India, leads to higher CO₂ emissions and environmental un-sustainability. This is exacerbated by the sector's significant reliance on energy sources like kerosene, contributing to higher carbon emissions. The analysis indicates a significant negative correlation between the growth of informal manufacturing activities and GDP, highlighting the environmental costs of such economic activities. The paper emphasizes the need for policy interventions to address the challenges posed by the informal manufacturing sector. It calls for policies that balance economic growth with environmental sustainability, considering the significant role of the informal sector in countries like India. The research presents a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in achieving sustainable economic growth in the face of growing environmental concerns.

In this chapter, we argue that state and trait mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices in the workplace should enhance employee outcomes. First, we review the existing literature on mindfulness, provide a brief history and definition of the construct, and discuss its beneficial effects on physical and psychological health. Second, we delineate a model of the mental and neurobiological processes by which mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices improve self-regulation of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, linking them to both performance and employee well-being in the workplace. We especially focus on the power of mindfulness, via improved self-regulation, to enhance social relationships in the workplace, make employees more resilient in the face of challenges, and increase task performance. Third, we outline controversies, questions, and challenges that surround the study of mindfulness, paying special attention to the implications of unresolved issues for understanding the effects of mindfulness at work. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our propositions for organizations and employees and offer some recommendations for future research on mindfulness in the workplace.