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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2018

Anoop Vasu, Jerry Chung, Cory Padfield and Ravi Desai

The brake reaction test performed on a rear axle assembly revealed that the brake flange weld could not sustain the load needed to pass the minimum requirement of the test…

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Abstract

Purpose

The brake reaction test performed on a rear axle assembly revealed that the brake flange weld could not sustain the load needed to pass the minimum requirement of the test. Evaluation of the failure mode indicated that the fracture of the weld originated at the root of the weld and cracked through the fusion zone of the weld instead of cracking through base material (toe failure). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

A computational methodology is presented to quantify the critical parameters to prevent throat failure. The torsion dominated loading created high in-plane shear stress on the weld which can contribute significantly to the premature failure.

Findings

The failure through the fusion zone, often termed as weld throat/root failure, was not accounted for during the design phase by numerical simulation which led to the wrong conclusion that the design will pass the test requirement. Although weld sizing and weld penetration depth can explain such unexpected failure modes, fatigue life of this particular failure was still over-predicted using the Master SN curve formulation of structural stress approach which is well established for Mode I type of failure. Accounting for the shear component in the structural stress approach led to good correlation with the test specimen. Weld throat depth is a significant parameter contributing to throat failure.

Practical implications

The failure of the weld joining the brake flange and the tube of an axle is a high severity failure mode which can result in loss of vehicle control and injury or death and hence the failure should be prevented at any cost.

Originality/value

Most of the previous work of welded components relates to Mode I loading. There is very few research performed to discuss the Mode III loading and failure. This research illustrates the importance of considering the throat failure mode and quantifies the weld parameters to prevent such failures in design applications.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 9 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

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Article
Publication date: 2 February 2015

Anoop Vasu and Ramana V. Grandhi

The impact of laser peening on curved geometries is not fully comprehended. The purpose of this paper is to explain the action of laser peening on curved components (concave and…

316

Abstract

Purpose

The impact of laser peening on curved geometries is not fully comprehended. The purpose of this paper is to explain the action of laser peening on curved components (concave and convex shapes for cylindrical and spherical geometries) by means of shock wave mechanics.

Design/methodology/approach

An analytical formulation is derived based on the plasticity incurred inside the material and the results are compared with the prediction by numerical simulation.

Findings

A near-linear relationship is observed between curvature and compressive residual stress; an increasing trend was observed for concave models and a decreasing trend was observed for convex models. The consistency in the analytical formulation with the simulation model indicates the behavior of laser peening for curved geometries.

Originality/value

The differences observed in the residual stresses for spherical and cylindrical geometries are primarily due to the effect of Rayleigh waves. This paper illustrates the importance of understanding the physics behind laser peening of curved geometries.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

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Article
Publication date: 27 November 2018

Chandra Shekar Balla, C. Haritha, Kishan Naikoti and A.M. Rashad

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the bioconvection flow in a porous square cavity saturated with both oxytactic microorganism and nanofluids.

292

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the bioconvection flow in a porous square cavity saturated with both oxytactic microorganism and nanofluids.

Design/methodology/approach

The impacts of the effective parameters such as Rayleigh number, bioconvection number, Peclet number and thermophoretic force, Brownan motion and Lewis number reduces the flow strength in the cavity on the flow strength, oxygen density distribution, motile isoconcentrations and heat transfer performance are investigated using a finite volume approach.

Findings

The results obtained showed that the average Nusselt number is increased with Peclet number, Lewis number, Brownian motion and thermophoretic force. Also, the average Sherwood number increased with Brownian motion and Peclet number and decreased with thermophoretic force. It is concluded that the flow strength is pronounced with Rayleigh number, bioconvection number, Peclet number and thermophoretic force. Brownan motion and Lewis number reduce the flow strength in the cavity.

Originality/value

There is no published study in the literature about sensitivity analysis of Brownian motion and thermophoresis force effects on the bioconvection heat transfer in a square cavity filled by both nanofluid and oxytactic microorganisms.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 29 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 18 December 2020

Thameem Basha Hayath, Sivaraj Ramachandran, Ramachandra Prasad Vallampati and O. Anwar Bég

Generally, in computational thermofluid dynamics, the thermophysical properties of fluids (e.g. viscosity and thermal conductivity) are considered as constant. However, in many…

182

Abstract

Purpose

Generally, in computational thermofluid dynamics, the thermophysical properties of fluids (e.g. viscosity and thermal conductivity) are considered as constant. However, in many applications, the variability of these properties plays a significant role in modifying transport characteristics while the temperature difference in the boundary layer is notable. These include drag reduction in heavy oil transport systems, petroleum purification and coating manufacturing. The purpose of this study is to develop, a comprehensive mathematical model, motivated by the last of these applications, to explore the impact of variable viscosity and variable thermal conductivity characteristics in magnetohydrodynamic non-Newtonian nanofluid enrobing boundary layer flow over a horizontal circular cylinder in the presence of cross-diffusion (Soret and Dufour effects) and appreciable thermal radiative heat transfer under a static radial magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

The Williamson pseudoplastic model is deployed for rheology of the nanofluid. Buongiorno’s two-component model is used for nanoscale effects. The dimensionless nonlinear partial differential equations have been solved by using an implicit finite difference Keller box scheme. Extensive validation with earlier studies in the absence of nanoscale and variable property effects is included.

Findings

The influence of notable parameters such as Weissenberg number, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, Soret and Dufour numbers on heat, mass and momentum characteristics are scrutinized and visualized via graphs and tables.

Research limitations/implications

Buongiorno (two-phase) nanofluid model is used to express the momentum, energy and concentration equations with the following assumptions. The laminar, steady, incompressible, free convective flow of Williamson nanofluid is considered. The body force is implemented in the momentum equation. The induced magnetic field strength is smaller than the external magnetic field and hence it is neglected. The Soret and Dufour effects are taken into consideration.

Practical implications

The variable viscosity and thermal conductivity are considered to investigate the fluid characteristic of Williamson nanofluid because of viscosity and thermal conductivity have a prime role in many industries such as petroleum refinement, food and beverages, petrochemical, coating manufacturing, power and environment.

Social implications

This fluid model displays exact rheological characteristics of bio-fluids and industrial fluids, for instance, blood, polymer melts/solutions, nail polish, paint, ketchup and whipped cream.

Originality/value

The outcomes disclose that the Williamson nanofluid velocity declines by enhancing the Lorentz hydromagnetic force in the radial direction. Thermal and nanoparticle concentration boundary layer thickness is enhanced with greater streamwise coordinate values. An increase in Dufour number or a decrease in Soret number slightly enhances the nanofluid temperature and thickens the thermal boundary layer. Flow deceleration is induced with greater viscosity parameter. Nanofluid temperature is elevated with greater Weissenberg number and thermophoresis nanoscale parameter.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 31 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 19 October 2022

Sermet Demir and Caner Yüksel

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of standard dog bone specimens manufactured by fused deposition modeling.

866

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of standard dog bone specimens manufactured by fused deposition modeling.

Design/methodology/approach

Polylactic acid (PLA) specimens were printed and tested according to the ASTM standard. The effect of five important printing parameters, layer height, raster angle, printing speed, nozzle temperature and nozzle diameter, was examined on ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation and apparent density. Five levels were attended for each parameter, and a high number of required experiments were reduced by applying the L25 Taguchi design of the experiment.

Findings

The effect of each parameter on outputs and optimal values for maximum tensile strength were determined. The most influential parameter is the raster angle of 64.96%. Nozzle temperature has a low effect of 1.76%, but nozzle diameter contribution is 9.77%. The experiment results are validated by analysis of variance analysis, and the optimal predicted level for parameters is 90° raster angle, 0.2 mm layer height, 100 mm/s printing speed, 200°C nozzle temperature and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The maximum UTS observed is 48.70 MPa for 0.8 mm nozzle diameter, whereas the minimum is 18.49 for 0.2 mm nozzle diameter.

Originality/value

This paper is a very extensive experimental research report on the effect of the parameters for the tensile property of 3D printed PLA specimens by the Taguchi method. The documented results can be further developed for an optimization model to obtain a desired mechanical property with less variation and uncertainty in a product.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 29 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 24 July 2024

Arthur de Carvalho Cruzeiro, Leonardo Santana, Danay Manzo Jaime, Sílvia Ramoa, Jorge Lino Alves and Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira Barra

This study aims to evaluate in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline (Ani) as a post-processing method to promote extrusion-based 3D printed parts, made from insulating…

80

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline (Ani) as a post-processing method to promote extrusion-based 3D printed parts, made from insulating polymers, to components with functional properties, including electrical conductivity and chemical sensitivity.

Design/methodology/approach

Extrusion-based 3D printed parts of polyethylene terephthalate modified with glycol (PETG) and polypropylene (PP) were coated in an aqueous acid solution via in situ oxidative polymerization of Ani. First, the feedstocks were characterized. Densely printed samples were then used to assess the adhesion of polyaniline (PAni) and electrical conductivity on printed parts. The best feedstock candidate for PAni coating was selected for further analysis. Last, a Taguchi methodology was used to evaluate the influence of printing parameters on the coating of porous samples. Analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used to identify the best levels for each parameter.

Findings

Colorimetry measurements showed significant color shifts in PP samples and no shifts in PETG samples upon pullout testing. The incorporation of PAni content and electrical conductivity were, respectively, 41% and 571% higher for PETG in comparison to PP. Upon coating, the surface energy of both materials decreased. Additionally, the dynamic mechanical analysis test showed minimal influence of PAni over the dynamic mechanical properties of PETG. The parametric study indicated that only layer thickness and infill pattern had a significant influence on PAni incorporation and electrical conductivity of coated porous samples.

Originality/value

Current literature reports difficulties in incorporating PAni without affecting dimensional precision and feedstock stability. In situ, oxidative polymerization of Ani could overcome these limitations. However, its use as a functional post-processing of extrusion-based printed parts is a novelty.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 30 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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