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Proposes to discuss some of the social and cultural consequences of the Structural Adjustment Programme in Argentina in 1990. The general assumption is that changes in economic policies provoke cultural changes which will on the other hand affect the possibilities of economic development. The focus is on two Peronist trade unions. They represent two different ways of reacting, different attitudes towards the economic programme of the government and different strategies for action which reflect the culture and history of these organizations. The empirical findings are based on qualitative interviews with representatives from the two organizations. The overall theoretical framework is a combination between anthropological theories about culture and cultural change and studies of organizational culture. Recommends that changes in culture are definitely worth consideration in connection with implementation of changes in economic policies.