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Article
Publication date: 6 October 2014

Ann LN Chapman, David Johnson and Karen Kilner

The purpose of this study was to determine the predominant leadership styles used by medical leaders and factors influencing leadership style use. Clinician leadership is…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the predominant leadership styles used by medical leaders and factors influencing leadership style use. Clinician leadership is important in healthcare delivery and service development. The use of different leadership styles in different contexts can influence individual and organisational effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods approach was used, combining a questionnaire distributed electronically to 224 medical leaders in acute hospital trusts with in-depth “critical incident” interviews with six medical leaders. Questionnaire responses were analysed quantitatively to determine, first, the overall frequency of use of six predefined leadership styles and, second, individual leadership style based on a consultative/decision-making paradigm. Interviews were analysed thematically using both a confirmatory approach with predefined leadership styles as themes, and also an inductive grounded theory approach exploring influencing factors.

Findings

Leaders used a range of styles, the predominant styles being democratic, affiliative and authoritative. Although leaders varied in their decision-making authority and consultative tendency, virtually all leaders showed evidence of active leadership. Organisational culture, context, individual propensity and “style history” emerged during the inductive analysis as important factors in determining use of leadership styles by medical leaders.

Practical implications

The outcomes of this evaluation are useful for leadership development at the level of the individual, organisation and wider National Health Service (NHS).

Originality/value

This study adds to the very limited evidence base on patterns of leadership style use in medical leadership and reports a novel conceptual framework of factors influencing leadership style use by medical leaders.

Details

Leadership in Health Services, vol. 27 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1751-1879

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2000

K. Wiak

Discusses the 27 papers in ISEF 1999 Proceedings on the subject of electromagnetisms. States the groups of papers cover such subjects within the discipline as: induction machines;…

929

Abstract

Discusses the 27 papers in ISEF 1999 Proceedings on the subject of electromagnetisms. States the groups of papers cover such subjects within the discipline as: induction machines; reluctance motors; PM motors; transformers and reactors; and special problems and applications. Debates all of these in great detail and itemizes each with greater in‐depth discussion of the various technical applications and areas. Concludes that the recommendations made should be adhered to.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Book part
Publication date: 16 December 2009

Zongwu Cai and Yongmiao Hong

This paper gives a selective review on some recent developments of nonparametric methods in both continuous and discrete time finance, particularly in the areas of nonparametric…

Abstract

This paper gives a selective review on some recent developments of nonparametric methods in both continuous and discrete time finance, particularly in the areas of nonparametric estimation and testing of diffusion processes, nonparametric testing of parametric diffusion models, nonparametric pricing of derivatives, nonparametric estimation and hypothesis testing for nonlinear pricing kernel, and nonparametric predictability of asset returns. For each financial context, the paper discusses the suitable statistical concepts, models, and modeling procedures, as well as some of their applications to financial data. Their relative strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Much theoretical and empirical research is needed in this area, and more importantly, the paper points to several aspects that deserve further investigation.

Details

Nonparametric Econometric Methods
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-624-3

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1998

M.H. Heine

Bradford distributions describe the relationship between ‘journal productivities’ and ‘journal rankings by productivity’. However, different ranking conventions exist, implying…

804

Abstract

Bradford distributions describe the relationship between ‘journal productivities’ and ‘journal rankings by productivity’. However, different ranking conventions exist, implying some ambiguity as to what the Bradford distribution ‘is’. A need accordingly arises for a standard ranking convention to assist comparisons between empirical data, and also comparisons between empirical data and theoretical models. Five ranking conventions are described including the one used originally by Bradford, along with suggested distinctions between ‘Bradford data set’, ‘Bradford distribution’, ‘Bradford graph’, ‘Bradford log graph’, ‘Bradford model’ and ‘Bradford’s Law‘. Constructions such as the Lotka distribution, Groos droop (generalised to accommodate growth as well as fall‐off in the Bradford log graph), Brookes hooks, and the slope and intercept of the Bradford log graph are clarified on this basis. Concepts or procedures questioned include: (1) ‘core journal’, from the Bradfordian viewpoint; (2) the use of traditional statistical inferential procedures applied to Bradford data; and (3) R(n) as a maximum (rather than median or mean) value at tied‐rank values.

Details

Journal of Documentation, vol. 54 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 13 January 2025

Malachi Rayner-Philipson, Brian Sheil and Pin Zhang

A common design driver for pipe-jacking projects is the jacking force required to advance the tunnel boring machine and pipe string. Empirical methods are popular in industry but…

87

Abstract

Purpose

A common design driver for pipe-jacking projects is the jacking force required to advance the tunnel boring machine and pipe string. Empirical methods are popular in industry but are well known to lack accuracy, while there is a strong desire to supplement such approaches with robust data-driven techniques, typically small construction datasets present significant challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

To address this challenge, this paper develops a physics-constrained neural network predictive model for pipe-jacking forces. Information used as input into the model includes principal design information and soil type.

Findings

The physics constrained model was found to predict jacking force to a higher accuracy than current industry practice and better discern meaningful patterns in data than a purely data-driven artificial neural network. The results reveal promising performance for this initial dataset such that there is motivation, as a longer-term objective, to train the present approach on a more comprehensive drive database for more reliable and cost effective solutions for new projects.

Originality/value

Novel contributions include (a) a bespoke framework to constrain a neural network using a pipe-jacking mechanistic model which includes stoppage-induced friction increases, (b) built-in model uncertainty for greater confidence in model outputs, (c) new historical drive data for model training and (d) one-hot encoding of soil type as a model input. The model is calibrated and validated against 14 tunnel drives across four different sites with four distinctive ground types.

Details

Machine Learning and Data Science in Geotechnics, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 3029-0422

Keywords

Abstract

Details

Recent Developments in Transport Modelling
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-045119-0

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Article
Publication date: 17 March 2023

Le Wang, Liping Zou and Ji Wu

This paper aims to use artificial neural network (ANN) methods to predict stock price crashes in the Chinese equity market.

804

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to use artificial neural network (ANN) methods to predict stock price crashes in the Chinese equity market.

Design/methodology/approach

Three ANN models are developed and compared with the logistic regression model.

Findings

Results from this study conclude that the ANN approaches outperform the traditional logistic regression model, with fewer hidden layers in the ANN model having superior performance compared to the ANNs with multiple hidden layers. Results from the ANN approach also reveal that foreign institutional ownership, financial leverage, weekly average return and market-to-book ratio are the important variables when predicting stock price crashes, consistent with results from the traditional logistic model.

Originality/value

First, the ANN framework has been used in this study to forecast the stock price crashes and compared to the traditional logistic model in the world’s largest emerging market China. Second, the receiver operating characteristics curves and the area under the ROC curve have been used to evaluate the forecasting performance between the ANNs and the traditional approaches, in addition to some traditional performance evaluation methods.

Details

Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 35 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0114-0582

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 1 January 2004

Sam Mirmirani and Hsi Cheng Li

This study applies VAR and ANN techniques to make ex-post forecast of U.S. oil price movements. The VAR-based forecast uses three endogenous variables: lagged oil price, lagged…

Abstract

This study applies VAR and ANN techniques to make ex-post forecast of U.S. oil price movements. The VAR-based forecast uses three endogenous variables: lagged oil price, lagged oil supply and lagged energy consumption. However, the VAR model suggests that the impacts of oil supply and energy consumption has limited impacts on oil price movement. The forecast of the genetic algorithm-based ANN model is made by using oil supply, energy consumption, and money supply (M1). Root mean squared error and mean absolute error have been used as the evaluation criteria. Our analysis suggests that the BPN-GA model noticeably outperforms the VAR model.

Details

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Finance and Economics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-303-7

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Article
Publication date: 20 November 2017

Alex Paseka and Aerambamoorthy Thavaneswaran

Recently, Stein et al. (2016) studied theoretical properties and parameter estimation of continuous time processes derived as solutions of a generalized Langevin equation (GLE)…

229

Abstract

Purpose

Recently, Stein et al. (2016) studied theoretical properties and parameter estimation of continuous time processes derived as solutions of a generalized Langevin equation (GLE). In this paper, the authors extend the model to a wider class of memory kernels and then propose a bond and bond option valuation model based on the extension of the generalized Langevin process of Stein et al. (2016).

Design/methodology/approach

Bond and bond option pricing based on the proposed interest rate models presents new difficulties as the standard partial differential equation method of stochastic calculus for bond pricing cannot be used directly. The authors obtain bond and bond option prices by finding the closed form expression of the conditional characteristic function of the integrated short rate process driven by a general Lévy noise.

Findings

The authors obtain zero-coupon default-free bond and bond option prices for short rate models driven by a variety of Lévy processes, which include Vasicek model and the short rate model obtained by solving a second-order Langevin stochastic differential equation (SDE) as special cases.

Originality/value

Bond and bond option pricing plays an important role in capital markets and risk management. In this paper, the authors derive closed form expressions for bond and bond option prices for a wider class of interest rate models including second-order SDE models. Closed form expressions may be especially instrumental in facilitating parameter estimation in these models.

Details

The Journal of Risk Finance, vol. 18 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1526-5943

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 17 December 2018

Sanjay Tolani, Ananth Rao, Genanew B. Worku and Mohamed Osman

The purpose of this paper is to analyze significant determinants to assess the probability of insureds’ intent to buy (ITB) insurance and willingness to pay (WTP) quantum of…

488

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze significant determinants to assess the probability of insureds’ intent to buy (ITB) insurance and willingness to pay (WTP) quantum of dollars for security benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the Double Hurdle Model (DHM) and Neural Network (NN) architecture to analyze the insureds’ behavior for ITB and WTP. The authors apply these frameworks to all the 503 insureds of a branch of a leading insurer in the United Arab Emirates.

Findings

The DHM identified age, loans & liabilities, body mass index, travel outside the UAE, salary and country of origin (Middle Eastern and African) as significant determinants to predict WTP for social security benefits. In addition to these determinants, NN architecture identified insurance replacement, holding multiple citizenship, age of parents, mortgages, country of origin: Americas, length of travel, income of previous year and medical conditions of insured as additional important determinants to predict WTP for social security benefits; thus, NN is found to be superior to DHM due to its lowest RMSE and AIC in the holdout sample and also its flexibility and no assumptions unlike econometric models.

Research limitations/implications

Insureds’ data used from one UAE Branch limit the generalizability of empirical findings.

Practical implications

The study findings will enable the insurers to appropriately design the insurance products that match the insurers’ behavior of ITB and WTP for social security benefits.

Social implications

The study findings have the potential for insurance institutions to be more flexible in their insurance practices through public–private partnerships.

Originality/value

This is the authors’ original research work.

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