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The digital direct-to-consumer (D2C) approach has seen widespread adoption across many industries, but its application to regional food products has been slower. This study aims to identify and rank the most significant challenges to the widespread use of digital D2C for regional food products.

A multi-criteria decision-making method called a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to determine the order in which these obstacles were evaluated. Thirty-five barriers were identified and categorized into six categories named technological, operational, sociocultural, financial, market and institutional and regulatory barriers.

Market barriers ranked as the top barrier, and the technological barrier ranked the least significant amongst the main barrier categories for the adoption of digital D2C model for the regional food products. Lack of consumer awareness ranked number one globally, and lack of government subsidies ranked the least amongst the thirty-five identified barriers. Operational barriers came out to be second most significant barrier followed by institutional and regulatory barrier, sociocultural barrier, financial barrier and technological barrier.

The findings of this research were derived through a numerical examination of data gathered from the Indian setting. It follows that the technological, sociocultural, financial, market, operational and institutional constraints, among others, outlined here are all unique to India. Because of the unique nature of the Indian setting, the results of this study can only be used there and not elsewhere. It is possible that future research will broaden the aims of this one and refine its methodology. Digital D2C adoption for regional food products may be prioritized and ranked using quantitative and qualitative data sources like ANP and TOPSIS. It is possible that similar studies may be conducted in nations which have a different set of operational, technological, sociocultural market and financial and regulatory barriers. Conceptual framework can be formed by integrating TAM and TPB to understand the buying behavior of regional food products via digital D2C.

This research is the first to identify challenges to the widespread use of the digital D2C model for regional food products. Policymakers and other interested parties can use this information to better understand the difficulties of expanding the distribution of regional food products beyond their immediate regions.

The primary aim of this study is to analyze the evolution and future trajectories of renewable energy research from 2000–2023. By examining publication volumes, citation patterns, geographical and institutional landscapes, and identifying key authors and publications, the study seeks to provide a detailed overview of the developmental trajectory of renewable energy research. It aims to serve as a crucial reference for researchers, policymakers and stakeholders in the energy sector, offering insights that can guide future research directions and policy decisions.

This study uses a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of renewable energy literature spanning from 2000 to 2023, using the Scopus database. Advanced tools such as the visualization of similarities viewer were used for in-depth exploration of influential papers, authors, keyword clusters and thematic connections through hierarchical cluster analysis. The study targeted various publications specifically mentioning “renewable energy” and “renewable energies” in their titles, examining publication trends, research areas, geographic origins, institutional affiliations, funding patterns, journal contributions and citation impacts.

The analysis reveals robust growth in renewable energy research, with a significant increase in publications over the last two decades. Key contributing countries include the USA, China, the UK, Germany and Spain, demonstrating strong international collaboration. High citation counts and influential journals such as Energy Policy and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews underscore the significance of the research. However, a notable gap in the literature concerning the branding and marketing of alternative fuels was identified, highlighting the need for future research in strategic marketing and consumer engagement aspects of renewable energies.

The study is limited by its reliance on the Scopus database, which may not capture all relevant publications, and the predominance of English-language documents, potentially introducing language bias. The quantitative focus of bibliometric methods may overlook qualitative aspects of research contributions. Future studies should incorporate diverse databases, languages and qualitative analyses to fully capture the global and multifaceted nature of renewable energy research, addressing these limitations and providing a more comprehensive understanding.

The insights from this study can inform policymakers and stakeholders about the key trends, influential entities and emerging directions within renewable energy research. Understanding the predominant research themes and influential journals can aid in strategic decision-making and resource allocation. The identification of gaps in the literature, such as the branding and marketing of alternative fuels, can guide future research and policy efforts to enhance public acceptance and broader adoption of renewable energy technologies.

The study highlights global collaboration and communication in renewable energy research, facilitated by the predominance of English as a lingua franca. This international cooperation is crucial for the integration of innovative ideas and solutions across different regions. Addressing the identified gap in consumer engagement and strategic marketing can improve public perception and acceptance of renewable energy technologies, ultimately contributing to the global transition to sustainable energy sources and mitigating climate change impacts.

This study offers a unique and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of renewable energy research, providing valuable insights into publication trends, key contributors and thematic connections over the past two decades. By identifying gaps in the literature and suggesting directions for future research, the study adds significant value to the field. It serves as a crucial reference point for researchers, policymakers and stakeholders, enhancing their understanding of the evolution and future trajectories of renewable energy research.

Market development.

This case is intended to be used in strategic management, operations management for both undergraduate and graduate courses. It can also be used for value innovation and market development.

This case focuses on market development by Patanjali, a fast-growing organization crossing US$1bn of sales in five years of time span and declaring a target of doubling this figure in the financial year 2016-2017 (to reach US$1,500m). The prime focus of Patanjali is the health food segment based on herbal and Ayurveda science through the use of organically grown agricultural produce by integrating the associated value chains while radically benefitting all the stakeholders in a two-way process as suppliers as well as buyers/consumers. The fundamental context of the case is associated with the value chain development in terms of value addition on the basis of the organizational and leadership values in all the elements of the value chain of Patanjali products starting from suppliers to customers. The case emphasizes the role of the Patanjali Food & Herbal park in the value chain. Patanjali Food & Herbal Park is constantly striving for nation building more than profit accumulation. They have created a sustainable business benefiting all the stakeholders. The backbone of the Patanjali Food & Herbal Park lies in robust backward linkage and forward linkage. The context of the case presents an account of how the values based integration of the value chain is a strategic advantage and safeguards an organization from business environment threats.

The context of the case presents an account of how values based integration of the value chain is a strategic advantage and safeguard an organization from business environment threats. The case has a deep-rooted theoretical association with models like Porter’s Five Forces model on the one hand and also exemplifies how an organization can use blue ocean strategy through value-based value innovation. The context of the Black Swan perspective also emerges in the narration.

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CSS 11: Strategy.