Search results

The purpose of this paper is to identify the corrosion failure mechanism of a Cu tube in a hydraulic installation and recommend corrective actions to improve the reliability of the entire unit.

Failure investigation process includes mainly stereo-, light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as the main analytical tools for material characterization and root-cause analysis.

The investigation findings, obtained by corroded surface analysis and metallographic evaluation in transverse sections, suggest strongly that the failure was caused by the operation of Type I pitting corrosion mechanism initiated from the inner side and propagated towards the outer tube surface, assisted by the flowing medium composition.

This paper deals with an applied failure analysis/case history, summarizes the stages involved in the mechanism of pitting corrosion Type I, taken place in cold water systems together with the main parameters and corrosive species that enhance corrosion rates, shortening pipeline operation life.

The purpose of this paper is to outline and document the failure root cause of a carbide cutting tool during machining of a hardened tool steel under automatic machining conditions.

Optical metallography and SEM/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, together with optical profilometry were employed for failure investigation. The use of an alternative cutting tool and modification of machining conditions are proposed as a failure preventive action.

Severe abrasive wear and adhesion of machining chips are observed in the flank zone, causing blunting of the cutting edge. The revision of cutting conditions, together with the use CBN-based tool insert leads to an overall improvement of the stability of the process and tool lifetime.

This paper places emphasis on a failure analysis case history following a structured approach in industrial machining problem solving, highlighting suggestions for process improvement.

Investigates the differences in protocols between arbitral tribunals and courts, with particular emphasis on US, Greek and English law. Gives examples of each country and its way of using the law in specific circumstances, and shows the variations therein. Sums up that arbitration is much the better way to gok as it avoids delays and expenses, plus the vexation/frustration of normal litigation. Concludes that the US and Greek constitutions and common law tradition in England appear to allow involved parties to choose their own judge, who can thus be an arbitrator. Discusses e‐commerce and speculates on this for the future.

During the new millennium the Finnish educational system has faced a new challenge: how to explain glorious PISA results produced with only a small variance between schools, average national costs and, as regards the average duration of studies, relatively efficiently. Explanations for this issue can be searched for in many different ways. The purpose of the article is to show what kind of sustainable leadership in the educational governance can be seen behind the high level results in Finland.

The future‐oriented actions are discussed in the article alongside some relevant cultural prerequisites that have enabled effective changing processes. Finally, two cases of recent future‐oriented actions in the Finnish educational governance are given as examples.

Sustainable leadership can be seen as a long series of several future‐oriented decisions and actions, such as uniforming the system, offering highly demanding education to all, strategic decisions concerning the information society, as well as some other great political decisions concerning education.

It may not be easy to reproduce the same high‐level results as in Finland in any other country. However, several developing countries could benefit from the future‐oriented ethos of Finland.

This article gives hints what kinds of future‐oriented actions can be launched at a national level.

Future orientation leads to long‐term policies in education. This enables long‐term development in the educational sector which may enhance the social cohesion in the societies.

Though the Finnish experiences may be unique in the international settings, the future‐orientation is of uttermost importance when wanting to develop the educational systems in any country. Hence the results may give a valuable insight to understand a successful case of educational governance.