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This study aims to examine the adoption of fintech products in Jordanian commercial banks, focusing on the influence of environmental regulations. Specifically, the study investigates the impact of environmental pressures (competitors pressure, customer pressure) and top management support on the adoption of fintech products.

A questionnaire survey was conducted, and data from 550 respondents familiar with the bank’s operations, once you have responses, use structure equation modeling to understand the relationships between variables. Also, applied the regression model to predict outcomes for new respondents. Ensure ethical considerations, like informed consent, are addressed throughout the process.

The results reveal that competitors pressure and customer pressure have a significant positive influence on the adoption of fintech products, indicating that banks are more likely to adopt fintech solutions when faced with increasing competition and customer demands. Furthermore, top management support was found to be positively associated with the adoption of fintech products, emphasizing the importance of leadership in driving successful integration. Also, regulators and policymakers can foster FinTech adoption in the banking sector by creating supportive frameworks that balance innovation and risk. The findings highlight the need for Jordanian commercial banks to recognize and respond to environmental pressures to remain competitive and meet customer expectations. Additionally, regulations might encourage the development of financial products and services within the fintech sector. This study enriches fintech adoption literature in the context of Jordanian commercial banks.

This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the factors influencing fintech adoption in Jordanian commercial banks and provides practical implications for banks, regulators and policymakers seeking to promote fintech adoption within the financial sector.

Al-Qaeda is conventionally portrayed as a monolithic, hierarchical organization whose activities – coordinated by the network's leader Osama bin Laden – are the source of international terrorism today. Al-Qaeda is considered a radical tendency within the broader Islamist Salafi movement, legitimizing its terrorist operations as a global Islamist jihad against Western civilization. Al-Qaeda's terrorist activity today is considered, “blowback” from long finished CIA and western covert operations in Afghanistan.

The conventional wisdom is demonstrably false. After the Cold War, Western connections with al-Qaeda proliferated around the world, challenging mainstream conceptions of al-Qaeda's identity. Western covert operations and military – intelligence connections in strategic regions show that “al-Qaeda” is a network whose raison d’etre and modus operandi are inextricably embedded in a disturbing conglomerate of international Western diplomatic, financial, military and intelligence policies today. US, British, and Western power routinely manipulates al-Qaeda through a complex network of state-regional and human nodes. Such manipulation extended directly to the 9-11 hijackers, and thus to the events of 9-11 itself.11This paper advances an original argument based partially on research in Ahmed (2005), supplemented here with significant new data and analysis. Also see Ahmed (2002).