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The learning outcomes of this study are to gain an understanding of the banking regulations and their impact on banking performance, to understand the intermediation role of banks by channelizing depositors’ savings and providing loans to borrowers, to explain an impact of a recent regulatory change in the Indian banking that directly impacts their financial performance, to critically evaluate the different financial ratios to analyze the performance of a bank and to build a DuPont analysis framework for banks.

The case serves as a primer on banking regulations in India and provides insights into banking performance. Banking regulations play an important role in maintaining financial stability, specifically in emerging economies like India. The protagonist of the case is Salil Kumar who presented his internship project to the review committee of Stock Investment Company on April 16, 2021. However, he had to rework and present his final project within seven days on the basis of the feedback received from the committee. Kumar faced the dilemma of bringing together a comparative study across two banks, namely, Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI Bank) and State Bank of India (SBI) and building a DuPont framework covering the different aspects of banking performance. The case exemplifies the intricate regulatory landscape in India within which banks operate and highlights the recent alterations introduced by the Reserve Bank of India. For instance, the framework for dealing with domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs) was introduced in 2014 and subsequently adopted in August 2015. The D-SIB framework provides inherent guarantee to large banks such as ICICI Bank and SBI. This ensures government backup in the event of any failure, thereby securing financial stability. The case study is suitable for banking and financial accounting courses taught in postgraduate management programs. Once the case is studied, the students are expected to understand the basics of banking, regulations, impact of regulations on banking performance and financial measures.

The case provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of the banking industry, offering a critical perspective for analysis. A well-structured teaching note would serve as a valuable tool for instructors, allowing them to facilitate engaging classroom discussions and effectively guide students toward achieving the desired teaching objectives.

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

In line with global initiatives, the state of Kerala in southern India is actively working towards formalizing its informal solid waste management (SWM) sector. Despite this, there is a dearth of studies on formalization processes, particularly focusing on the conditions of workers within this sector. This study addresses the gap by examining the challenges faced by women workers operating within the formalized framework of Kerala’s SWM sector. It aimed to investigate challenges faced by grassroots women workers in Kerala’s SWM sector during its transition from informal to formal, identifying gaps in the process through their experiences. Using a qualitative methodology, the research gathered data from 10 women workers in the SWM sector in Kozhikode, Kerala, who were part of the Haritha Karma Sena (green task force). Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews revealed two major challenges faced by these women. Firstly, there was a negative societal perception towards them, and secondly, there was a lack of appropriate state response to their needs and requirements. These challenges were attributed to gaps and pitfalls in the formalization process, leading to a lowered socio-economic status for the women, increased vulnerability to health hazards, and societal stigma. The findings underscore the need for significant improvements in the formalization process of Kerala’s waste management sector. The study advocates for targeted policy interventions to enhance the working conditions of SWM workers, emphasizing the importance of expediting and streamlining the formalization process. This, in turn, would contribute to the overall effectiveness of the SWM system in the state.

This study used an indentation-based mechanical testing framework for the mechanical characterization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed Inconel 718 on a wrought Inconel 718 substrate. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the indentation-based approach for localized mechanical evaluation.

The LPBF-processed wrought substrate was sectioned into three sections for microstructural and mechanical characterization. A 3D heat source model was used for the thermal analysis of the interface region. The developed interface region is probed using the Knoop hardness indenter in different orientations to determine the textural anisotropy and mechanical behavior of the region.

LPBF process develops a melted interface zone (MIZ) at the deposition-substrate interface. The MIZ exhibited a coarse grain structure region along with a larger primary dendritic arm spacing (PDAS), signifying a slower cooling rate. FE modeling of the LPBF process reveals heat accumulation in the substrate along with intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) induced due to layer-wise processing. The obtained yield locus shows strong anisotropy in the deposition region, whereas reduced anisotropy with a nearly uniform ellipse locus for the MIZ regions. This reduced anisotropy is attributable to IHT and heat accumulation in the substrate.

An alternative localized mechanical characterization tool has been investigated in this work. The approach proved sensitive to thermal variations during LPBF processing in an isolated region which extends its suitability to variable geometry parts. Moreover, the approach could serve as a screening tool for parts made from dissimilar metals.

Housing micro‐finance is emerging globally as an important financial activity to help alleviate the housing needs of economically vulnerable people. Micro‐finance institutions (MFIs) planning to include housing product must carefully assess whether they have the management and technical capacity to do so. The purpose of this paper is to give practical guidance to MFIs in adopting the housing programme, in addition to their existing line of micro‐finance services.

The paper gives practical guidance to MFIs adopting the housing programme in addition to the existing line of micro‐finance services and inputs about any market study, profiling the customers, product design, pricing of the product, affordability of the clients, income assessment, loan assessment, operational procedures, risk coping mechanisms and technical backup guidance.

The paper finds that MFIs should also ensure that housing micro‐finance suits their strategy from institutional and financial perspectives.

This paper provides valuable practical guidance to MFIs.

In the context of the Indian subcontinent, aims to examine the suitability of using microfinance for natural disaster risk reduction at the household and community level, and also of delivering it in the wake of a natural disaster.

Explains microfinance strategies comprising: diversifying income source; designing new loan products; risk management; sustainability of microfinance institutions post‐disaster; liquidity management post‐disaster, etc.

States that microfinance should be recognized as one of a series of measures within a disaster risk management strategy. Along with eco‐friendly farming it can help overcome poverty in developing countries.

Probably the first real attempt to explore the importance of microfinance interventions in natural disasters both at the personal level and generally.

The purpose of this paper is to disseminate the success of enterprise development activities initiated by a voluntary organization working in Kanyakumari District of India.

The paper was prepared in discussion with rural artisans and staff of voluntary organization.

It was found that the indigenous palm candy production gave better livelihood for the Nadar community whose prime occupation is harvesting of palm products. Even though the community was in the lowest ebb of the society, proper enterprise capacity building, value addition to palm product like palm candy, marketing and access to credit have paved way for the development of the community. The institutions promoted by Palmyrah Workers Development Society catered to the enterprise intervention of the community thereby increasing the income level of the families. Even though globalization is a threat for rural artisan products, the concept of green and fair trade is providing avenues for rural enterprise.

The study was restricted within a particular community and within a given geographical area.

Even though palm candy is having good market at international market, quality control and eco‐certification is a problem at field level.

The paper illustrates how a backward community has developed enterprise skills and achieved better livelihood options.

This paper seeks to show how microfinance has contributed to poverty reduction and strengthening the risk management capacity of the poor.

Considers disaster preparedness of micro finance institutions (MFIs) especially in natural disasters, economic crisis and civil conflicts.

Finds that it is essential for MFIs to prepare a strategy for maintaining liquidity in a disaster situation, especially keeping disaster loan funds (DLFs) in reserve to help affected households.

Sees disaster management as a dynamic process that could ideally be developed during normal times and tested in actual disasters but it requires careful planning and commitment on the part of all stakeholders

Studying the role of advertising music (ad music) in a retail context can be an emergence of new marketing practices. The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential usage and utility of ad music as an atmospheric stimulus in contrast to music (retail music) as an atmospheric stimulus. This paper also aims to provide a model, which depicts how ad music could be an alternative to retail music in retail settings with regard to consumers’ attitudinal influence and its optimistic correlation with related marketing outcomes.

The paper reviewed the literature related to the role of retail music as an atmospheric stimulus and studies related to the role of music in the ad.

Advertising music as an atmospheric stimulus is more likely to influence consumers’ attitude towards advertising music, towards advertising and towards the advertised brand. Contrary to retail music, advertising music as an atmospheric stimulus may help a consumer for ad recall, ad message/brand information recall, brand recall, brand identification and brand recognition. Consequently, advertising music may always have an advantage over retail music with regard to purchase intent, brand choice and financial return.

This work may encourage the advertisers for the proper usage of ad music as an atmospheric stimulus that may holistically magnify the saliency of advertising theoretically and practically.

This study is a novel attempt to conceptualise the potential scope of utilisation of ad music in the retail context.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the issue of post‐disaster livelihood recovery through economic rehabilitation, with the illustration of post‐tsunami promotion of microentrepreneurship activities generating employment and income among the affected populations.

The paper examines two field case studies in Aceh (Indonesia) and Tamil Nadu (India), where a well‐established European NGO carried out economic relief and microentrepreneurship rehabilitation in 2005‐2007.

Despite unlimited trust in rapid reconstruction capacity, post‐tsunami livelihood recovery has been chaotic and uncoordinated. Contrary to humanitarian agencies in charge of emergency relief, only a few development agencies and NGOs were able to deliver a rapid rehabilitation of microeconomic activities existing locally before the disaster.

There are values but also obvious limits to comparing the micro‐level experiences of a major European NGO in two different locations such as Aceh and Tamil Nadu, and to deducing macro‐ and meso‐level lessons to be learned.

There are difficulties in benchmarking the divison of labour but necessary coordination among development agencies and their humanitarian counterparts in the field of post‐disaster sustainable economic rehabilitation.

Post‐disaster economic security and livelihood recovery are at the forefront of current international policy research in humanitarian and development cooperation circles. Documented case studies and lessons to be learned are still scarce for feeding possible best practices.

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) based on materials extrusion. It is the most widely practiced AM route, especially used for polymer-based rapid prototyping and customized product fabrication in relation to aerospace, automotive, architecture, consumer goods and medical applications. During FFF, part quality (surface finish, dimensional accuracy and static mechanical strength) is greatly influenced by several process parameters. The paper aims to study FFF parametric influence on aforesaid part quality aspects. In addition, dynamic analysis of the FFF part is carried out.

Interpretive structural modelling is attempted to articulate interrelationships that exist amongst FFF parameters. Next, a few specimens are fabricated using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic at varied build orientation and build style. Effects of build orientation and build style on part’s ultimate tensile strength, flexure strength along with width build time are studied. Prototype beams (of different thickness) are fabricated by varying build style. Instrumental impact hammer Modal analysis is performed on the cantilever beams (cantilever support) to obtain the natural frequencies (first mode). Parametric influence on natural frequencies is also studied.

Static mechanical properties (tensile and flexure strength) are greatly influenced by build style and build orientation. Natural frequency (NF) of prototype beams is highly influenced by the build style and beam thickness.

FFF built parts when subjected to application, may have to face a variety of external dynamic loads. If frequency of induced vibration (due to external force) matches with NF of the component part, resonance is incurred. To avoid occurrence of resonance, operational frequency (frequency of externally applied forces) must be lower/ higher than the NF. Because NF depends on mass and stiffness, and boundary conditions, FFF parts produced through varying build style may definitely correspond to varied NF. This aspect is explained in this work.