Describes the Utah Library Network project, established in 1992 to create statewide access for public libraries to the Internet. Points out that the project not only involves…
Abstract
Describes the Utah Library Network project, established in 1992 to create statewide access for public libraries to the Internet. Points out that the project not only involves technology but also requires the development of new human networks to reach its full potential. Reviews network expenditure according to six categories: connectivity, training, database licenses, state library expenditure and local library expenditure. Concludes that the network has significantly improved the timeliness, quality and extensiveness of library services.
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Chip Ward, Maggie Hopffgarten, Wayne Peay and Chip Ward
Utah is well known for its wide open horizons, natural beauty, and conservative traditions and lifestyles. In the winter, tourists flock to majestic mountains to ski deep powder…
Abstract
Utah is well known for its wide open horizons, natural beauty, and conservative traditions and lifestyles. In the winter, tourists flock to majestic mountains to ski deep powder. The rest of the year, they come to explore many unique and vast national parks. Those who stay long enough to take a closer look, however, will see that Utah is also a state undergoing sweeping changes. High‐tech businesses have replaced mining and ranching as engines of the Utah economy, which is booming. Rapid population growth is creating a sprawling urban front along the Wasatch Mountains that provides a sharp contrast to life in isolated small towns in the rest of the region. It has become increasingly clear to Utah's leaders that networking learning and information resources to provide equity between rural and urban areas and to encourage the creation of a highly skilled workforce is a key to the state's progress. Significant initiatives are being taken to help government, libraries, and educational institutions at all levels become more efficient, effective, and responsive through the use of computer and telecommunications technology. The following three reports describe some of those projects.
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Betty J. Turock and Andrea Pedolsky
It is imperative that every library have a financial plan. The library cannot be managed properly without one, especially if values, not expedience, are to determine priorities…
Abstract
It is imperative that every library have a financial plan. The library cannot be managed properly without one, especially if values, not expedience, are to determine priorities. The authors review the basics and then carefully outline how best to create a financial plan that will involve staff, internal and external stakeholders, and maintain or improve services.
Joe Ryan and Charles R. McClure
Describes research undertaken to investigate the role of publiclibraries in developing and exploiting the next generationof nationalnetworks, such as Internet. Considers…
Abstract
Describes research undertaken to investigate the role of public libraries in developing and exploiting the next generationof national networks, such as Internet. Considers developments in Internet and NREN, public libraries and networking, and the impact of the network on public libraries. Surmises that the research will help identify factors that affect the library′s role in electronic networks, although many questions about networks may have more to do with how libraries define themselves than with the technology itself.
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Few issues in recent times have so provoked debate and dissention within the library field as has the concept of fees for user services. The issue has aroused the passions of our…
Abstract
Few issues in recent times have so provoked debate and dissention within the library field as has the concept of fees for user services. The issue has aroused the passions of our profession precisely because its roots and implications extend far beyond the confines of just one service discipline. Its reflection is mirrored in national debates about the proper spheres of the public and private sectors—in matters of information generation and distribution, certainly, but in a host of other social ramifications as well, amounting virtually to a debate about the most basic values which we have long assumed to constitute the very framework of our democratic and humanistic society.
Alex de Ruyter, Steven McCabe and Beverley Nielsen
Climate change caused by an increase in greenhouse gas emissions poses a threat to species on earth. Such emissions have been caused by activities that have increased the rate at…
Abstract
Climate change caused by an increase in greenhouse gas emissions poses a threat to species on earth. Such emissions have been caused by activities that have increased the rate at which greenhouse emissions have occurred due to the burning of fossil fuels and industrial processes in recent decades. Without urgent intervention, the ability of earth’s citizens will be irrevocably altered. Hundreds of millions of people’s lives will effectively become extremely challenging. Deaths due to starvation, lack of water, storms and flooding will increase. The magnitude of the crisis confronting humanity has resulted in means the formation of what’s known as the ‘Net Zero’ target set by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2024), a United Nations body consisting of global experts on climate change in 1994. This chapter explains why climate change has occurred, what its impact may be and how intervention by governments as well as all organisations and individuals catastrophe can be avoided. There is an overview of subsequent chapters contained in this book.
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IN the 25 years that this journal has been published the whole aspect of work study has changed. Once it was time and motion study. Today it is indeed more close to our title…
Abstract
IN the 25 years that this journal has been published the whole aspect of work study has changed. Once it was time and motion study. Today it is indeed more close to our title: WORK STUDY. For the plain fact is that the job we cover and expound is now the whole gamut of the study of every aspect of work. No longer is this confined to methods of getting more work (admittedly with less fatigue) out of the hours actually worked. Today the accent is on worker participation and job satisfaction.
Austin R. Colon, David Owen Kazmer, Amy M. Peterson and Jonathan E. Seppala
A main cause of defects within material extrusion (MatEx) additive manufacturing is the nonisothermal condition in the hot end, which causes inconsistent extrusion and polymer…
Abstract
Purpose
A main cause of defects within material extrusion (MatEx) additive manufacturing is the nonisothermal condition in the hot end, which causes inconsistent extrusion and polymer welding. This paper aims to validate a custom hot end design intended to heat the thermoplastic to form a melt prior to the nozzle and to reduce variability in melt temperature. A full 3D temperature verification methodology for hot ends is also presented.
Design/methodology/approach
Infrared (IR) thermography of steady-state extrusion for varying volumetric flow rates, hot end temperature setpoints and nozzle orifice diameters provides data for model validation. A finite-element model is used to predict the temperature of the extrudate. Model tuning demonstrates the effects of different model assumptions on the simulated melt temperature.
Findings
The experimental results show that the measured temperature and variance are functions of volumetric flow rate, temperature setpoint and the nozzle orifice diameter. Convection to the surrounding air is a primary heat transfer mechanism. The custom hot end brings the melt to its setpoint temperature prior to entering the nozzle.
Originality/value
This work provides a full set of steady-state IR thermography data for various parameter settings. It also provides insight into the performance of a custom hot end designed to improve the robustness of melting in MatEx. Finally, it proposes a strategy for modeling such systems that incorporates the metal components and the air around the system.