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Article
Publication date: 4 September 2019

Mohammad Rezaiee-Pajand and Amir R. Masoodi

The purpose of this study is dedicated to use an efficient mixed strain finite element approach to develop a three-node triangular shell element. Moreover, large deformation…

108

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is dedicated to use an efficient mixed strain finite element approach to develop a three-node triangular shell element. Moreover, large deformation analysis of the functionally graded material shells is the main contribution of this research. These target structures include thin or moderately thick panels.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to reach these goals, Green–Lagrange strain formulation with respect to small strains and large deformations with finite rotations is used. First, an efficient three-node triangular degenerated shell element is formulated using tensorial components of two-dimensional shell theory. Then, the variation of Young’s modulus through the thickness of shell is formulated by using power function. Note that the change of Poisson’s ratio is ignored. Finally, the governing linearized incremental relation was iteratively solved using a high potential nonlinear solution method entitled generalized displacement control.

Findings

Some well-known problems are solved to validate the proposed formulations. The suggested triangular shell element can obtain the exact responses of functionally graded (FG) shell structures, without any shear locking, instabilities and ill-conditioning, even by using fewer numbers of the elements. The obtained outcomes are compared with the other reference solutions. All findings demonstrate the accuracy and capability of authors’ element for analyzing FG shell structures.

Research limitations/implications

A mixed strain finite element approach is used for nonlinear analysis of FG shells. These structures are curved thin and moderately thick shells. Small strains and large deformations with finite rotations are assumed.

Practical implications

FG shells are mostly made curved thin or moderately thick, and these structures have a lot of applications in the civil and mechanical engineering.

Social implications

The social implication of this study is concerned with how technology impacts the world. In short, the presented scheme can improve structural analysis ways.

Originality/value

Developing an efficient three-node triangular element, for geometrically nonlinear analysis of FG doubly-curved thin and moderately thick shells, is the main contribution of the current research. Finite rotations are considered by using the Taylor’s expansion of the rotation matrix. Mixed interpolation of strain fields is used to alleviate the locking phenomena. Using fewer numbers of shell elements with fewer numbers of degrees of freedom can reduce the computational costs and errors significantly.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 9 April 2021

Aaqib Nisar, Nusrat Jan, Amir Gull, Farooq Ahmad Masoodi, Tawheed Amin, Omar Bashir and Sajad Mohd Wani

The demand for functional foods has been increasing tremendously throughout the globe and keeping in view the health beneficial properties of apricot fruit. The purpose of this…

369

Abstract

Purpose

The demand for functional foods has been increasing tremendously throughout the globe and keeping in view the health beneficial properties of apricot fruit. The purpose of this study is to develop wheat flour based cookies enriched with apricot pulp powder in order to improve nutraceutical properties of cookies and dilution of gluten at the same time.

Design/methodology/approach

Cookies were prepared from wheat flour blended with apricot pulp powder at 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25% level and evaluated for proximate, functional, rheological, nutraceutical and sensory properties.

Findings

Fibre content of apricot powder-incorporated cookies (3.23%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 25% level than control (1.64%). The water absorption and oil absorption capacities decreased significantly (p < 0.05) upon increasing level of apricot pulp powder. The ß-carotene content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content increased significantly (p < 0.05) upon incorporation of apricot pulp powder. The thickness of cookies increased, however, diameter and spread ratio decreased with increase in the levels of apricot pulp powder. Lightness (L*) value decreased, while redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) increased when incorporated with apricot pulp powder. Cookies having 25% apricot pulp powder showed maximum hardness and overall acceptability.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, the scientific literature on incorporation of apricot pulp powder in bakery products is scanty. As such the present research has a tremendous scope for the food industries to produce functional bakery products with antioxidant properties and diluted the gluten content at the same time.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 123 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2021

S. D. Farahani and Amir Hossein Rabiee

In this study, for the first time, the efficacy of control rods for full suppression of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and galloping of an elastically supported rigid square…

174

Abstract

Purpose)

In this study, for the first time, the efficacy of control rods for full suppression of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and galloping of an elastically supported rigid square cylinder that vibrates freely in the cross-flow direction is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

To this aim, two small control rods are placed at constant angles of ± 45° relative to the horizontal axis and then the influence of diameter and spacing ratios on the oscillation and hydrodynamic response along with the vortex structure behind the cylinder is evaluated in the form of nine different cases in both VIV and galloping regions.

Findings

The performed simulations show that using the configuration presented in this study results in full VIV suppression for the spacing ratios G/D = 0.5, 1 and 1.5 at the diameter ratios d/D = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 (D: diameter of square cylinder, G: distance between rods and cylinder, d: diameter of rods). On the contrary, a perfect attenuation of galloping is only achieved at the largest diameter (d/D = 0.3) and the smallest spacing ratio (G/D = 0.5). In general, for both VIV and galloping regions, with increasing diameter ratio and decreasing spacing ratio, the effect of the control rods wake in the vortex street of square cylinder gradually increases. This trend carries on to the point where the vortex shedding is completely suppressed and only the symmetric wake of control rods is observed.

Originality/value

So far, the effect of rod control on VIV of a square cylinder and its amplitude of oscillations has not been investigated.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 31 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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