Alyssa Milton and Barbara Mullan
Despite the recognised importance of food safety, a large number of consumers do not practice adequate food safety in the home. Many studies have recommended that education is a…
Abstract
Purpose
Despite the recognised importance of food safety, a large number of consumers do not practice adequate food safety in the home. Many studies have recommended that education is a key step in preventing food‐borne illness in the domestic environment. However, few educational or psychosocial interventions have been designed and implemented to improve food safety knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Even fewer of these studies have been subject to rigorous appraisal. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of studies that described and evaluated a food safety intervention in a non‐clinical adult sample.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of ten studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Outcomes of interest included food safety behaviour, behavioural intention, attitudes, knowledge, microbial transfer and the use of social cognition models.
Findings
The evidence regarding the effectiveness of the reviewed interventions on these food safety outcomes was somewhat positive; however, many gaps remained. For example, of the five self‐report behaviour change studies, all reported some significant improvement post‐intervention. However, the percentage of specific behaviours that significantly changed within each study varied between 0.04 and 100 per cent. There were methodological flaws in many of the studies which complicated the interpretation of these results and indicate a need for more research.
Research limitations/implications
Future research should include better defined outcomes, longer follow‐up, more rigorous reporting of results and intervention design, the use of randomised controlled trial protocols and utilising health models to have a greater theoretical underpinning to the studies.
Originality/value
This paper is the first systematic review examining the effect of psychosocial food safety interventions on behaviour, attitudes and knowledge.
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As we reckon with the #MeToo movement, the gender-based violence that occurred during the 1947 Partition continues to remain forgotten in mainstream discourses and is an emotive…
Abstract
As we reckon with the #MeToo movement, the gender-based violence that occurred during the 1947 Partition continues to remain forgotten in mainstream discourses and is an emotive and polarising issue within both India and its diaspora. Just like mainstream news in the United States covered the Gabby Petito case, causing a controversy as it led to the realisation that the rape and gender-based violence of missing indigenous women were not covered, it can be suggested that mainstream news channels both within India and in the diaspora construct narratives that privilege the stories of some over others – with issues of shame, izzat (‘honour’) and policing of women's bodies compounding the silence in South Asian communities. In this chapter, I argue that we need to rethink the Partition as a genocide to recognise the gender-based violence that occurred on women's bodies as the cataclysmic event occurred. I discuss the feminist historiographical research led by Urvashi Butalia, Kamla Bhasin and Ritu Menon who interviewed survivors in the aftermath of the 1984 anti-Sikh riots that triggered their research and reminded them of the Partition violence. It is only recently when the 1947 Partition Archives (in 2010) and the Partition Museum (in 2017) that the conversations of Partition are also taking place in academic spaces.
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This paper is designed to critically review and analyze the body of research on a popular gang reduction strategy, implemented widely in the United States and a number of other…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper is designed to critically review and analyze the body of research on a popular gang reduction strategy, implemented widely in the United States and a number of other countries, to: (1) assess whether researchers designed their evaluations to align with the theorized causal mechanisms that bring about reductions in violence; and (2) discuss how evidence on gang programs is generated and consumed. That review and assessment is then used to frame a research agenda for studying gang interventions.
Design/methodology/approach
A case study design is used to generate a multi-faceted understanding of the possible avenues for evaluation research on the law enforcement-based strategy known as the Group Violence Intervention. The paper discusses questions that remain to be answered about the strategy, such as “what type of deterrence is operating?” and if the model actually works by the threat of deterrence, and not by removing high-risk offenders and shootings from the street, what activities are needed to maintain the effect?
Findings
Across roughly two dozen impact evaluations of GVI, none have examined the likely cause and effect components of this multi-partner strategy in reducing the violence. Furthermore, there are many issues related to the production and generation of criminal justice evaluation research that have adversely pushed the balance of evidence on what works in gang reduction toward law enforcement programming. However, there are many strategies that researchers can use to think broadly about appropriate and holistic research and evaluation on gangs and gang programming.
Practical implications
The recommendations for research, if implemented, can help build a body of knowledge to move toward community-based and restorative models of gang violence reduction.
Originality/value
This original piece is one of the first essays to contextualize and discuss how aspects of the production of social science research on gangs may directly impact what programs and strategies are implemented on the ground.