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This study aims to employ a modern numerical approach for conducting the simulations, which uses the smoothed-profile lattice Boltzmann method. Two separate distribution functions for flow and temperature fields are used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations in the most efficient manner. In addition, the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to calculate the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity in the desired volume fractions, and the effect of Brownian motion is taken into consideration.

Nowadays, because of enhanced global price of oil and critical issue of global warming, a significant demand for using renewable energy exists. The solar energy is one of the most popular forms of renewable energy. The solar collector can be used to collect and trap the energy received from the sun. The present work focuses on introducing and investigating a parabolic-trough solar collector.

To analyze all hydrodynamic and thermal views of the solar collector, the structure of nanofluid stream, distribution of temperature, local dissipations because of flow and heat transfer, volumetric entropy production, Bejan number vs Rayleigh number and volume fraction are presented. Also, three different configurations for profile of solar receiver are designed and studied.

The originality of the present work is in using a modern numerical approach for a well-known application. Also, the effect of Brownian motion is taken into account which significantly enhances the accuracy.

This paper aims to analyze the effect of absorber’s geometry and operating fluid on the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of a solar collector. Two different profiles are proposed for the absorber which is wavy and flat. Also, the inner tube of HTF (i.e. heat transfer fluid) is considered as single and double. The solar collector is filled with hybrid nanofluid of SiO₂-TiO₂/ ethylene glycol (EG) which its thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are measured using KD2 Pro and Brookfield LVDV III Ultra; respectively, in the temperature range of 30°C to 80°C and nanoparticle concentration in the range of 1.5% to 3.5%.

Among the solar collector, the parabolic-trough solar collector is one of the most efficient models for extracting solar thermal power. A parabolic trough solar collector with two different models of absorbers and included with two models of inner HTF tube is proposed.

The corresponding regression equations are derived versus temperature and volume fraction and used in the numerical process. For the numerical process, the thermal lattice Boltzmann method manipulated with a single-node curved scheme is used. Also, in the final step, the second law analysis is carried out in local and volumetric forms. The influential factors are Rayleigh number, the concentration of hybrid nano-powder and the structure of absorber profile.

The originality of the present work is combining a modern numerical method (i.e. double-population lattice Boltzmann method) with experimental observation on characteristics of SiO₂-TiO₂/EG nanofluid to analyze the thermal performance of parabolic trough solar collector.