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The purpose of this study is to draw a scientific map of the Grand Tours cycling as part of the growing research field in this field at the global level. This study also identifies the components of scientific production in this field along with their collaboration patterns.

With the aim of achieving a comprehensive and deep understanding of the studies related to the Grand Tour, this research aims to address the existing gaps and provide a comprehensive summary of these scholarly works. To achieve this goal, the authors used a systematic and scientometric combination method, analyzing studies from the past half century (1970–2022).

The research findings reveal that scientific studies related to cycling events exhibit a geographical concentration within the continent of Europe, surpassing other continents. Notably, Spain, the USA, the UK and Italy emerge as pioneers in this field of inquiry. The main themes identified in these studies encompass cycling, the Tour de France, performance, professional roa cycling, heart rate, endurance, doping and power output.

This research, along with other systematic studies, contributes to the existing literature in this field by providing both quantitative and qualitative data. Additionally, the study serves as a foundation for identifying active and influential countries, institutions and authors in this domain. Such insights are highly effective in establishing scientific focal points in this field.

This study, in conjunction with the introduction of key figures in mega cycling event research, sheds light on the thematic areas explored within these studies. Notably, it is the sole study that has illuminated hidden facets of this field using scientometric and systematic methods.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for the digital transformation of university libraries based on meta-synthesis.

The approach of this research was qualitative and used the Sandelowski and Barroso’s (2007) seven-step meta-synthesis method to systematically review the literature. The statistical population of the research includes all the scientific publications related to the foundations and dimensions of the digital transformation of university libraries, counting the scientific publications retrieved from six scientific databases in the period from 2004 to 2022, and was based on the critical appraisal skills programme and a screening process.

Based on the retrieved publications, 32 documents were selected for further review and analysis. First, a separate code was considered for all the factors extracted from the selected documents, and then, considering the concept of each of the codes, they were categorized into a similar concept. In this way, the research concepts were determined. Based on the analysis done with the help of the content analysis method, there are a total of seven main categories and 24 concepts, including digital culture (including: digital attitude, user-oriented, agility, participation and cooperation, creativity and innovation and learning digital skills of employees), digital librarian (containing: individual competence, knowledge competence, communication competence and skill competence), digital manager (comprising: individual competence, knowledge competence, skill competence), digital services and resources (including, optimally reorganizing library resources, providing digital services to users and providing digital services to the mother organization), digital technologies (containing: digital infrastructure, technological readiness and using digital technologies), support and cooperation of upstream institutions and the mother organization (dealing with: providing human resources, providing technological resources and equipment and making macro policies) and work process and development of digital strategies (comprising: digitalization of processes and development of library digital strategies).

Digital transformation is a complex and multi-faceted process, yet it is an indispensable endeavour for university libraries, and managers and librarians cannot be expected to be familiar with these concepts without training or study and then be able to move in the right direction towards the digital transformation of libraries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to develop a model for the digital transformation of university libraries. The results of this research indicate the effective factors and requirements needed for the digital transformation of university libraries and address the importance of understanding the concepts for managers and librarians.

This paper aims to design the digital transformation model for university libraries based on the Delphi method using the Iranian public university libraries as the study case.

A qualitative approach and the Delphi method were used to conduct the current research. In total, 15 experts in the field of digital transformation of libraries were selected through targeted and snowball sampling. They were asked to complete and finalize items identified from previous research to design a digital transformation model for public university libraries in Iran during successive Delphi rounds. The Delphi method was completed after the third round, upon reaching a favorable consensus.

The findings obtained from the research led to the presentation of the model in 7 main dimensions, 25 concepts and 139 components. Meanwhile, the concept of “data-centered” and changing the concept of “optimal reorganization of library resources” to the concept of “acquisitions and optimal reorganization of library resources” are among the new achievements of this research. In addition, the components of “promoting data-oriented thinking in the decision-making of library managers,” “encouraging employees to use and analyze data” and “planning to increase the digital literacy of librarians” were added to the concept of “data-oriented”; the components of “having knowledge of digital collection and its rules for the correct identification and evaluation of resources,” “familiarity with digital metadata standards and data transfer standards” and “familiarity with open access platforms” were added to the concept of “librarian knowledge competencies”; and the components of “planning, coordination,” “monitoring and evaluating the progress of library digital transformation projects” and “collaboration and networking with other academic library managers” in the concept of “library manager’s management skills”; the components of “identification of new digital formats and resources,” “creation, preparation and accessibility of game scientific content and free in the library,” “updating the resource organization policy with new organization concepts and rules” and “updating the library collection development policy based on the information needs of users” were added to the concept of “acquisitions and optimal reorganization of library resources” and “Web 2.0 technologies” component were added to the concept of “use of digital technologies in the library.”

This study is limited to Iranian public university libraries, and the findings may not be directly transferable to other contexts. In addition, the Delphi method, while effective for expert consensus, relies on subjective opinions and may not fully capture the complexities of digital transformation. Future research could explore the implementation challenges of the proposed model and its long-term impact on library services and user satisfaction. Despite these limitations, the study offers a valuable foundation for digital transformation initiatives in Iranian university libraries and can inform policy decisions and resource allocation.

The proposed digital transformation model offers practical guidance for Iranian university libraries. By implementing the model, libraries can enhance their services through data-driven decision-making, improved resource management and the adoption of new technologies. Librarians can develop the necessary digital competencies to effectively manage digital collections and engage with users. In addition, the model emphasizes the importance of collaboration among library managers, fostering knowledge sharing and best practices. Ultimately, the practical application of this model can lead to more efficient, user-centered and innovative library services.

The proposed digital transformation model for Iranian university libraries holds significant social implications. By enhancing access to information and resources, it can democratize knowledge and foster innovation. Increased digital literacy among librarians will equip them to better serve diverse user communities. However, equitable access to digital services must be ensured to prevent the widening of the digital divide. The model’s focus on data-driven decision-making can improve resource allocation and user satisfaction. By promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing, libraries can become more central to their communities and contribute to regional development. Ultimately, the success of this model depends on addressing potential challenges such as privacy concerns, digital security and the need for ongoing training and support.

The proposed model, with its 7 main dimensions, 25 concepts and 139 components, provides a roadmap for enhancing library services, resource management and decision-making. By emphasizing data-centered approaches, promoting digital literacy among librarians and integrating Web 2.0 technologies, libraries can adapt to the evolving needs of users. Collaboration and networking with other academic library managers can foster knowledge exchange and collective problem-solving. By implementing the proposed model, libraries can adapt to changing user needs, enhance services and contribute to the academic community’s success. However, implementing this model requires addressing challenges related to equity, privacy and accessibility, ensuring that all users benefit from the digital transformation. Overall, this research serves as a valuable resource for university library managers, guiding them toward effective digital adaptation and improved user experiences.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the link‐based web site impact measure known as the web impact factor (WIF). It is a quantitative tool for evaluating and ranking web sites, top‐level domains and sub‐domains. The paper also aims to discuss the WIF's advantages and disadvantages, data collection problems, and validity and reliability of WIF results.

A key to webometric studies has been the use of large‐scale search engines, such as Yahoo! and AltaVista that allow measurements to be made of the total number of pages in a web site and the total number of back‐links to the web site. These search engines provide similar possibilities for the investigation of links between web sites/pages to those provided by the academic journals citation databases from the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI). But the content of the web is not of the same nature and quality as the databases maintained by the ISI.

This paper reviews how the WIF has been developed and applied. It has been suggested that web impact factors can be calculated as a way of comparing the attractiveness of web sites or domains on the web. It is concluded that, while the WIF is arguably useful for quantitative intra‐country comparison, application beyond this (i.e. to inter‐country assessment) has little value.

The paper offers a critical review of literature on the WIF and associated indicators.

The purpose of this paper is to indicate that when webotherapy is applied, it can be of benefit to clients in giving them insight into their problems, resulting in a change of behavior.

Webotherapy, which can be conducted with individuals or groups, refers to the use of web resources or other online reading material (e.g. e‐books, e‐journals) to assist clients (especially children and young adults) in their healing process. It may be defined as the use of web resources to help others gain additional insight and to help them cope with everyday life. Most people have probably read web resources to determine how others have approached a delicate issue.

This paper suggests that webotherapy is a potentially powerful method for psychologists, librarians, schoolteachers and counselors to use on many levels. It begins with a brief review of the history of webotherapy, continues with a discussion of some approaches to webotherapy (developmental, clinical, and interactive), then addresses the four basic stages of webotherapy (identification, selection, presentation, and follow‐up), and finally discusses the benefits and limitations of webotherapy.

The paper discusses webotherapy and offers a review of literature on related fields.

This purpose of this study is to examine research performance of Iraqi-Kurdistan universities, using the number of papers appearing in journals and proceedings, and the number of citations received by those papers as covered by Scopus, 1970-2012. This study also identifies subject coverage (domain/field) of publications and determines the preference of research communication channel within the research community?

A total of 459 papers published by Iraqi-Kurdistan universities and indexed by Scopus during the given time period were considered. The source items (i.e. records of publications by the faculty members of the Iraqi-Kurdistan universities) were all the documents published in international journals and proceedings indexed by Scopus (an Elsevier bibliographic database) from the time period ranging from 1970 to 2012. All papers having an authorship or a co-authorship associated with the Iraqi-Kurdistan universities were included and the number of citations received by them was counted for the period.

The study found that major journals used by Iraqi-Kurdistan universities were Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Hemoglobin and Journal of Applied Sciences Research. Additionally, three older institutions (Salahaddin University-Hawler, University of Sulaimani and University of Duhok) were the most productive universities. Moreover, the study revealed that 237 of 459 (52 per cent) of publications have international collaborations. It is further evident that among the 459 publications, 211 (40 per cent) have been cited 1,020 times; while 248 (60 per cent) of the papers have not been cited even once, so about 60 per cent of the papers were invisible to world science during the study period. This study also noted that the 25 highly cited papers were cited 484 times, representing 47 per cent of all the citations (484 of 1,020). This indicated a concentration effect, whereby a relatively small number of papers earn most of the citations and research impact generated by the faculty members of Iraqi-Kurdistan universities.

This is the first scientometric research to analyse Iraqi-Kurdistan universities’ scientific productivity.

The present study aims at determining the most accredited free English electronic journals (EJs) in Medical Sciences, as finding free scholarly EJs including medical ones is difficult in the web environment.

The research population consisted of 700 free EJs of Medical Sciences, which were collected from two reputable websites, namely, Directory of Open Access Journals and Free Medical Journals. After first screening, 269 free EJs including 76 journals in health, 4 journals in nursing, 175 journals in medicine and 14 free EJs in dentistry remained for final investigation […].

The most accredited journals in four medical disciplines studied here are health: New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, PLoS Biology and Environmental Health Perspectives – National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; nursing: Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care and Online Journal of Nursing Informatics […].

This research can be treated as an addition to the webometrics literature.