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To explore the role of human resources (HR), specifically ability, motivation and opportunity practices (AMO) framework and supply chain orientation top management support (SCO-TMS), in driving the dynamic capabilities of the Triple-A (agility, adaptability and alignment), which help to overcome the challenges faced by global supply chains (SC).

A survey is answered by managers from different functions in a sample of 287 manufacturing plants (three manufacturing sectors) and 14 countries (nine developed and five developing). The database is analyzed by PLS-SEM. In-sample and out-of-sample model predictive capacity is assessed by PLSPredict and CVPAT. A multigroup analysis (MGA) has been done to assess the possible influence of the countries’ economic development context in the model.

This research confirms significant positive relationships between AMO and SCO-TMS and AAA capabilities, with SCO-TMS showing a stronger relationship. This highlights the importance of HR aspects (AMO and SCO-TMS) as drivers of Triple-A SC, and particularly the importance of top management’s strategic vision to support SCO and develop collaborative relationships with suppliers and customers. The wide multi-country/multi-sector sample, reinforced by a good model’s in-sample and out-of-sample predictive capacity, makes these results more reliable and generalizable to other settings than other research in the field.

Managers are encouraged to develop AMO practices and SCO-TMS (focusing on SCO-TMS as the main lever) to enhance Triple-A SC capabilities. The analysis of the country’s economic development context still encourages the use of SCO-TMS as the main lever since its effect is higher than that of AMO. This knowledge is crucial to improving the allocation of limited resources toward developing appropriate capabilities.

Following the DCV and ROT perspectives, this research pioneers the analysis of HR practices (AMO) and SCO-TMS as antecedents of the Triple-A SC capabilities, making relevant contributions to the knowledge on the drivers of these relevant dynamic capabilities, an area with limited prior research.