Reza Alayi, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Atabak Najafi and Eskandar Jamali
The important factors, which should be considered in the design of a hybrid system of photovoltaic and wind energy are discussed in this study. The current load demand for…
Abstract
Purpose
The important factors, which should be considered in the design of a hybrid system of photovoltaic and wind energy are discussed in this study. The current load demand for electricity, as well as the load profile of solar radiation and wind power of the specified region chosen in Iran, is the basis of design and optimization in this study. Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically.
Design/methodology/approach
HOMER software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically.
Findings
The maximum radiation intensity for the study area is 7.95 kwh/m2/day for July and the maximum wind speed for the study area is 11.02 m/s for January.
Originality/value
This research is the result of the original studies.
Details
Keywords
Abbas Naeimi, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, Milad Sadeghzadeh and Alibakhsh Kasaeian
This paper aims to determine the optimum arrangement of a reverse osmosis system in two methods of plug and concentrate recycling.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to determine the optimum arrangement of a reverse osmosis system in two methods of plug and concentrate recycling.
Design/methodology/approach
To compare the optimum conditions of these two methods, a seawater reverse osmosis system was considered to produce fresh water at a rate of 4,000 m3/d for Mahyarkala city, located in north of Iran, for a period of 20 years. Using genetic algorithms and two-objective optimization method, the reverse osmosis system was designed.
Findings
The results showed that exergy efficiency in optimum condition for concentrate recycling and plug methods was 82.6 and 92.4 per cent, respectively. The optimizations results showed that concentrate recycling method, despite a 36 per cent reduction in the initial cost and a 2 per cent increase in maintenance expenses, provides 6 per cent higher recovery and 19.7 per cent less permeate concentration than two-stage plug method.
Originality/value
Optimization parameters include feed water pressure, the rate of water return from the brine for concentrate recycling system, type of SW membrane, feedwater flow rate and numbers of elements in each pressure vessel (PV). These parameters were also compared to each other in terms of recovery (R) and freshwater unit production cost. In addition, the exergy of all elements was analyzed by selecting the optimal mode of each system.