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This study aims to investigate photosensing characteristics of SiC and GaN nanowire-based devices through exposure to UV light. The photocurrent transients have been modeled to determine rise and decay process time constants. The 1D-semiconductor nanowires can exhibit higher light sensitivity compared to bulk materials because of their large surface area to volume ratio and the quantum size effects.

Nanowire devices have been fabricated through dielectrophoresis for integrating nanowires onto pre-patterned electrodes (10 nm Ti/ 90 nm Au) with a spacing about 3 µm onto SiO₂/Si (doped) substrate. The photocurrent measurements were carried out under room temperature conditions with UV light of 254 nm wavelength.

SiCNWs yield very short rise and decay time constants of 1.3 and 2.35 s, respectively. This fast response indicates an enhanced surface recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Conversely, GaNNWs yield longer rise and decay time constants of 10.3 and 15.4 s, respectively. This persistent photocurrent suggests a reduced surface recombination process for the GaNNWs.

High selective UV light sensitivity, small size, very short response time, low power consumption and high efficiency are the most important features of nanowire-based devices for new and superior applications in photodetectors, photovoltaics, optical switches, image sensors and biological and chemical sensing.

This chapter examines corporate governance–related financial reporting issues in the context of globalization. Over the past few decades, the process of globalization has substantially altered the fields of corporate governance and accounting. More specifically, Anglo-American models of corporate governance and financial reporting have received increasing momentum in emerging economies, including China. However, a review of relevant studies suggests that there is limited research examining the implementation of Anglo-American concepts in various countries regardless of their growing acceptance. This monograph extends the existing literature by comprehensively investigating the adoption of internationally acceptable principles and standards in China, the largest transitional economy that has different institutional context from Anglo-American countries. In addition, the review has a number of implications for developing the theoretical framework, and determining the research methodology for the monograph.

This paper aims to investigate the effects of boriding on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of CoCrW dental alloy manufactured by the method of selective laser melting.

In this study, CoCrW alloy samples that are used in dentistry were manufactured by the method of laser melting, and boriding treatment was made on the samples at 900°C and 1,000°C for 1, 4 and 8 h. The structural, mechanical and tribological effects of boriding on the samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, microhardness and an abrasion test device.

According to the results, the best outcomes in terms of abrasion strength and hardness were obtained in the sample that was subjected to boriding at 1,000°C for 4 h.

This study produced CoCrW alloys, which are fundamental biomaterials that are used in dentistry, by a different production method called selective laser melting and improved their surface characteristics by boriding.

The aim of this paper is to redesign of morphing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using neural network for simultaneous improvement of roll stability coefficient and maximum lift/drag ratio.

Redesign of a morphing our UAV manufactured in Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Erciyes University is performed with using artificial intelligence techniques. For this purpose, an objective function based on artificial neural network (ANN) is obtained to get optimum values of roll stability coefficient (C_lβ) and maximum lift/drag ratio (E_max). The aim here is to save time and obtain satisfactory errors in the optimization process in which the ANN trained with the selected data is used as the objective function. First, dihedral angle (φ) and taper ratio (λ) are selected as input parameters, C*_lβ and E_max are selected as output parameters for ANN. Then, ANN is trained with selected input and output data sets. Training of the ANN is possible by adjusting ANN weights. Here, ANN weights are adjusted with artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. After adjusting process, the objective function based on ANN is optimized with ABC algorithm to get better C_lβ and E_max, i.e. the ABC algorithm is used for two different purposes.

By using artificial intelligence methods for redesigning of morphing UAV, the objective function consisting of C*_lβ and E_max is maximized.

It takes quite a long time for E_max data to be obtained realistically by using the computational fluid dynamics approach.

Neural network incorporation with the optimization method idea is beneficial for improving C_lβ and E_max. By using this approach, low cost, time saving and practicality in applications are achieved.

This method based on artificial intelligence methods can be useful for better aircraft design and production.

It is creating a novel method in order to redesign of morphing UAV and improving UAV performance.

The incorporation of digital technologies into higher education in recent years has transformed the teaching and learning landscape, notably in the field of English language instruction. This study investigates the best practices and challenges linked with the digital transition in higher education English teaching and learning. The digital revolution has enabled new educational approaches, increasing the accessibility and effectiveness of English language instruction. The use of interactive multimedia tools, online platforms, and adaptive learning systems has personalized education, responding to a wide range of student demands and encouraging active engagement. Furthermore, virtual classrooms, video conferencing, and collaborative online spaces have crossed geographical boundaries, encouraging global collaboration and cultural interaction among students. However, this shift has not been without its difficulties. Disparities in access among students based on socioeconomic status or geographic location have expanded the digital divide. Furthermore, due to the rapid growth of technology, educators must get ongoing training in order to effectively apply and adapt to new technologies, providing a difficulty in faculty development and support. This chapter investigates successful and best practices in digital transformation, highlighting the significance of pedagogical alignment, learner-centered approaches, and inclusive practices. It also emphasizes measures for overcoming problems, such as infrastructure investment, equitable access, digital literacy promotion, and continual professional development for educators. Finally, this chapter emphasizes the importance of matching technical innovation with pedagogical objectives in order to optimize the digital transition in English language education. Taking a proactive and inclusive approach to this shift can open up new pathways for effective teaching and learning experiences, preparing higher education students for a rapidly expanding digital world while tackling the associated issues.

The purpose of this paper is to study the fertility potential of the iron- and steel-making process waste granulated blast furnace slag to recover it as a beneficial product.

This slag fertilizer was mixed with organic fertilizer to enrich and dung the vegetable sets are pepper, lettuce and cucumbers.

In this study, 100 per cent granulated slag, 75 per cent granulated slag + 25 per cent fermented manure, 50 per cent granulated slag + 50 per cent fermented manure and 25 per cent granulated slag + 75 per cent fermented manure compositions were mixed with water and added to seeding pots. The growth rate of vegetable sets and also the level of contamination of heavy metals such as lead, copper, aluminum, mercury and cadmium were analyzed. The analyses results showed that contamination rates of lead, copper, aluminum, mercury and cadmium in lettuce and cucumber samples were in the range of acceptable levels for human health. Slag fertilizer enforced the set of growth rate and productivity, too.

By the recovery of the waste slag storage, transport and annihilation economical load on the industry would be eliminated, waste recovery contributes to the economical gaining and beneficial recovered products replace the need of fertility products.

This chapter examines the influence of external public borrowing resources on economic progress in Tunisia. The study focuses on two stages: First, the influence is studied in a direct sense and then in an indirect sense, i.e., through a transmission channel of this influence. By applying the autoregressive distributed technique with staggered lags (ARDL), over a period ranging from 1986 to 2019, the results showed that the influence of external borrowing resources on growth seems to be unfavorable in the short term but positive in the long term, hence the importance of the empirical technique chosen. Second, three interaction variables were tested, namely total government expenditure, government investment expenditure, and the real effective exchange rate. The results obtained call for better attention to the channels identified to maximize the positive influence of external public debt on the country's economic progress.

In recent years, preparations for the transition from the Post-industrial society to Community 5.0 have been continuing at full speed. The change in this process necessitates changes in the roles and structure of the labour force in societies. While work and family living spaces of the individual change the dimensions of his/her interaction, they increase the importance of work–family life balance gradually. The basis of conflicts (imbalances) in roles in work and family life is based on three pillars: time, tension and behaviour. The conflicts in the work and family life spaces take place in two sub-dimensions, namely ‘work-family conflict’ which is directed from work to family and ‘family-work conflict’ which is directed from family to work. The conflict between work and family life leads to individual, organisational and familial consequences. Effective communication with the social support of the organisation and the members of family is of great importance for individuals not to experience a work–family conflict.

The purpose of this paper is to test whether or not CSR disclosure (i.e. aggregate as well as its three sub-indicators) reduces the cost of debt for French corporations listed in the SBF 120 index between 2010 and 2015.

CSR disclosure ratings of firms were collected from the Bloomberg database under three dimensions such as environmental, social and governance (ESG). Then, a pooled regression analysis was run.

The results indicate that overall CSR disclosure score as a combination of ESG disclosure scores has a negative effect on the cost of debt (i.e. lowers the cost of debt). While environmental disclosure is negatively associated with the cost of debt, social disclosure is unexpectedly positively associated, and governance disclosure has an insignificant association with the cost of debt.

The study has two main limitations. First, the analysis does not consider contractual constraints and obligations that might exist in debt contracts (Jung et al., 2018). Second, the analyses cover a specific time period (i.e. between 2010 and 2015) for a specific country (i.e. France) excluding utilities and the financial sector.

Overall, it is inferred from the results that financial markets for lenders take into account CSR disclosure when assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers. Specifically, environmental disclosure is the only subdimension of CSR that is influential on creditors’ decisions to offer favorable interest rates. In line with this outcome, companies can assess their processes and be more aligned with eco-friendly practices, and investors are particularly advised to invest in those types of firms.

This study extends scant literature on the association between CSR and the cost of debt by exploring how creditors treat CSR dimensions dissimilarly in granting loans to firms. The findings of this study have particular importance as financial debt is one of the most predominant forms of external financing.