Fred Henneberger and Alfonso Sousa‐Poza
The data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey (SAKE) have been widely used to estimate wage functions, which in turn have been applied for the determination of wage discrimination…
Abstract
The data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey (SAKE) have been widely used to estimate wage functions, which in turn have been applied for the determination of wage discrimination between genders. One serious problem with the SAKE data is that about 17 per cent of employed individuals did not report wages. Those studies which use the SAKE data to estimate wage functions simply ignore these non‐respondents. Such an approach could lead to a serious selectivity bias if the response decision is not purely random. In this study this issue is analysed in a double‐selectivity framework, in which both this response decision and the usual market‐participation decision are modelled. Although the response decision can be partially explained by certain socio‐economic variables, a large degree of randomness/unexplained variation exists. The authors therefore conclude that, in the absence of a better model, the standard approach at estimating wage functions (i.e. only correcting for the selectivity bias arising from women’s participation decision) is the most appropriate one.
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Peng Nie and Alfonso Sousa-Poza
– The purpose of this paper is to use data from the 1991 to 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to analyze how income in China is related to calorie intake.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use data from the 1991 to 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to analyze how income in China is related to calorie intake.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper employs a variety of parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric methods for cross-sectional and panel data, and estimates calorie-income elasticities for adults aged 18-60.
Findings
The calorie-income elasticities are generally small, ranging from −0.031 to 0.022. In addition, the results show no clear nonlinearity, regardless of whether parametric, nonparametric, or semiparametric approaches are used.
Originality/value
Using a wealth of estimation techniques, including parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric approaches, this paper addresses some of the main methodological challenges encountered in estimating calorie-income elasticities. The magnitudes of calorie-income elasticities have policy implications especially with regards to the effectiveness of income-mediated policies aimed at combating food insecurity in China.
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Erica S. Jablonski, Chris R. Surfus and Megan Henly
This study compared different types of full-time caregiver (e.g., children, older adults, COVID-19 patients) and subgroups (e.g., disability, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation…
Abstract
Purpose
This study compared different types of full-time caregiver (e.g., children, older adults, COVID-19 patients) and subgroups (e.g., disability, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation) in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic for potentially meaningful distinctions.
Methodology/Approach
Data from the 9,854 full-time caregivers identified in Phase 3.2 (July 21–October 11, 2021) of the US Census Household Pulse Survey (HPS) were analyzed in this study using multinomial logistic regression to examine relationships between caregiver types, marginalized subgroups, generation, and vaccination status.
Findings
The prevalence of caregiving was low, but the type of full-time caregiving performed varied by demographic group (i.e., disability, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, generation, and vaccination status). The relative risk of being a COVID-19 caregiver remained significant for being a member of each of the marginalized groups examined after all adjustments.
Limitations/Implications
To date, the HPS has not been analyzed to predict the type of full-time informal caregiving performed during the COVID-19 pandemic or their characteristics. Research limitations of this analysis include the cross-sectional, experimental dataset employed, as well as some variable measurement issues.
Originality/Value of Paper
Prior informal caregiver research has often focused on the experiences of those caring for older adults or children with special healthcare needs. It may be instructive to learn whether and how informal caregivers excluded from paid employment during infectious disease outbreaks vary in meaningful ways from those engaged in other full-time caregiving. Because COVID-19 magnified equity concerns, examining demographic differences may also facilitate customization of pathways to post-caregiving workforce integration.