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This study aims to address the challenge of balancing economic development with environmental protection in the context of productive waqf forests (PWFs). The inherent tension between forest productivity and protection necessitates a model that ensures sustainable utilization. This research proposes a novel framework by integrating fiqh bi'ah (Islamic environmental jurisprudence) with a model for PWFs development.

Using a qualitative approach, the analytical network process (ANP) analyzes data gathered through a literature review of Islamic environmental jurisprudence (fiqh bi'ah) on environment and waqf, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with academics, practitioners and regulators in fiqh bi'ah and waqf forest management.

Three potential PWFs development models emerge from the fiqh bi'ah literature; Harim (maintaining the natural forest state for intangible benefits like oxygen and biodiversity), Hima (sustainable utilization of forest products while preserving ecological components) and Ihya’ al-mawat (developing unproductive land into a future forest). The ANP analysis reveals that Hima is the most preferred model by all stakeholders, followed by Ihya’ al-mawat. The Harim model received lower preference due to limited economic potential. Additionally, experts suggest tourism-based forest management as the most suitable approach for all three PWFs models.

This study offers a novel PWFs development model grounded in fiqh bi'ah principles. By using ANP to integrate diverse stakeholder perspectives, the research provides valuable insights for sustainable and ethical management of PWFs resources, contributing to the literature on Islamic finance and business models.

This study aims to examine various factors influencing the inclination of students toward Green Entrepreneurial Intention (GEI), including University Support (USP), Family Support (FSP), Religiosity (REL), Commitment to Environment (CEN) and Green Entrepreneurial Motivation (GEM), as well as Attitude towards Green Entrepreneurship (AGM).

Data were collected through an online survey of Muslim students at Indonesian Islamic universities. A five-point Likert scale was used in the online questionnaire, with 419 processed data. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the relationship between the variables.

The results showed that AGM, CEN and REL impacted GEM. AGM was influenced by FSP but not by USP while GEI was significantly influenced by AGM, FSP and USP.

The limitation of the study is the composition of the sample, consisting solely of Islamic university students. Another limitation is the variables used. Future studies should analyze other factors, such as role models, green knowledge or family background.

This study provided fresh perspectives by empirically establishing a framework for assessing GEI, considering REL variables, an unexplored area conceptually. Practically, it helped to advance sustainable entrepreneurship education, particularly in Islamic universities. Accordingly, it provided several practical contributions for universities to develop curricula that better support green entrepreneurship among students.

This study represented the first investigation into the influence of REL on GEI, specifically among university students. Furthermore, Stimuli, Organism and Response theory was used as a foundation for the development of the diverse variables under investigation.